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2.3 Theoretical Framework
This chapter has elaborated several theories of CDA, ideology, language and symbolic power, media discourse, Systemic Functional Grammar SFG, the
Jakarta Post TJP ,
and Corruption Eradication Commission KPKKomisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. Further, this part helps the present researcher in showing
how the theories would answer the research questions. The theory of CDA helps this study how a context discourse cannot be
independent without text, and a text cannot be freedom without its writer. It believes that a certain condition can influence the production of texts. This theory
enlightens the researcher that in the critical analysis of a discourse, there should be ideologies in order to determine dominance, social inequality and power
imbalance in the producing of text. As the one sub-branches of CDA, Mediated Political Discourse Analysis provides a theory for this study that the
communicative events between the text producers and the readers creates uncovered ideologies and indicates to form a social practice. Moreover, the
orders of discourse can define the discursive strategies delivered by media. With other forms of social analysis, the criticism finds its way to convey the power
behind the language use. The benefit in applying the theory is that problems especially political corruption can in principle be studied more completely and
sometimes more adequately when the issues of corruption are realized in an important discursive dimension.
The theory of ideology is concerned with how beliefs and concerns are associated with particular social groups
‘ interests so that they become general beliefs and concerns and have effects on social life reality. The benefit of
44
employing this theory is to help the researcher find the practices of corruption discourse which is mediated in
TJP
news texts. Since readers unconsciously recognize
TJP
as an institution of news media and
TJP
achieve, maintain and renew particular information to be knowledge and affect particular directions of
social change through its set of beliefs. The aim of ideology is simply to influence readers to think and behave like
TJP
. The theory of language and symbolic power elaborates the definition of
power and its relation to language. The benefit of employing this theory is to help the researcher to understand that between language and power, the existence
of political beneficiaries can symbolize themselves in the form of written text. In order to classify the power, the theory can lead the researcher that the early
childhood experiences of Indonesia ‘s English news media have gradual
processes which are particularly important to determine the production of ideas about the world. News media has bravely spoken up their utterances in the form
of text and talk since the journalism law is made under the falling down of Soeharto
‘s regime. The experience of Indonesia media in reporting all information are like a new-born baby. News writers are able to write anything
based on their schemataknowledge of real-life experience that unconsciously accumulated from the past.
The theory of media discourse benefits the researcher to find the media position either to support or to oppose. The framing of news texts can
show
TJP
ideologies and its language strategies can prove
TJP
‘s aim to control the hegemony instead of public opinion construction. The choice of words and
structures of
TJP
can propose that its news makes sense within social and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
45
political contexts.
TJP
‘s point of view can determine what it reflects within society and constructs a real picture of the world.
The theory of SFG has an aim to find out that the linguistic features of field, tenor and mode concepts are greatly used as the main tool to answer the
second research question. By analyzing the metafunctional analysis of clauses as representation, exchange and message; the language strategies and ideologies of
The Jakarta Post TJP
can be found. It means that the contextual configurations assist in focusing attention on the particular situation especially corruption news
report. The benefit in applying this theory is that first, the metatextual messages of
TJP
news texts can define the discursive practice of journalist and, second, can refer to convey the ideologies social practice.
The theory of corruption eradication commission KPK is necessary to be inserted due to the fact that Indonesia has been famous world widely in the
corruption cases. This theory intends to foreground that the effort of Indonesia citizens, politicians and Corruption Eradication Commission in controlling
the corruptor under the law must be appreciated because of the long historical of Indonesia to be independent. Corruption should not be seen in the narrow
English sense of the word but rather as something more subtle, layered and complex like a conversation or a ritual. Without this theory, it is impossible to
find out the intertextuality – the complex interrelationships between a text and the
other ‗out of sight‘ text which is not said – of corruption practice.
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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
This chapter elaborates the methodology of the research. It contains four parts, namely, type of the study, research data, data analysis, and substantiation.
The type of the study shows what form of the study is. The research data display what the data are and how they are found. The data analysis elaborates how the
data are analyzed using the theories. The substantiation exposes what the analysis will look like.
3. 1 Type of the Study
This research deals with Critical Discourse Analysis CDA which is an approach to analyzing text of newspaper media that comes from the social life to
discourse analysis. The production and consumption of media texts are the source or chain of communicative events which stories are based upon the
interviews, the political speeches, the policy document, and so on. It is important to understand that the news information links the source of
‗fact‘ in the public domain to the private domain consumption of media texts.
Corruption is seen the social problems, criminal action, violation of the law, and especially hot issues from the news media to the reader.
The Jakarta Post TJ P
as the institution has the legitimacy in making documentary of corruption scandals. The problem then appears when the news are processed and
produced Fairclough, 2010. Gramsci in Fairclough 2010: 76 states that ideology is a conception of humans
‘ thought that automatically structured and restructured, yet articulated and rearticulated. It proves that the production of news
47
text has a purpose of domination, indicates the existing social and power relation. It remains in the narration, and reportation and quotation process of
news. The news is written and conducted in such a way to create certain beliefvaluenorm to the receiverreader of the news.
Since the data are the socio-political news relating to corruption scandals in Indonesia, CDA approach helps to be a bridge over the framing of
intertextuality within discourse analysis then the subjectivity is produced. MacLachlan and Reid 1994: 4 states that intertextuality refers to the discourse
realization of linguistic features of the text internal element of the text itself and simplified in the context or the situation beyond interdisciplinarity external
situation of text production. Meanwhile, linguistic features of text tend to be objective and are analyzed in the angels of Systemic Functional Linguistic
SFL. The meta-functional language of interpersonal, ideational and textual in SFL tends to find out the lexico-grammatical and semantic meaning. In the
searching of what should be criticized, the subjectivity is the aim of CDA. It has to find out the dialectical relationship between semiosis including language and
other elements of social practice Fairclough, 1995. SFL and CDA are having a connection to each other. Halliday
‘s SFL is used in the Fairclough
‘s CDA. Fairclough 2003 determines the relationship between language and other elements and aspects of social life, also its approach
to the linguistic analysis of texts is always oriented to the social character of texts. Young and Harrison 2004: 1-6 clarifies three relations between SFL and
CDA. First, language is the social construction. Second, the dialectic process in language happen in where language gives impact to the contexts and the
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