3 Kinds of sound changes
In this study, the researcher would like to use nine types of sound changes based on the theory by Crowley 1992 and Campbell 2004.
1 Assimilation
“Assimilation is process when one sound causes another sound to change so that the two sounds end up being more similar Crowley, 1992:49”.
Assimilation was divided into palatalization, final devoicing, and nasalization.
a Palatalization
According to Crowley 1992:53, palatalization is the change of non-palatal sounds become palatal sounds. Palatal sounds include the affricates [t
∫
,
] and fricatives [
∫,ʒ]. Usually, palatalization is occurred before the front vowel such as
[i:], [e] or before the semi-vowel [j]. The example is taken form the word did you [d d ju]. The sound [d] in the last word did has influence by the semi-vowel [j]
from the word you. So the word did you will be pronounce as [d j ju].
b. Final devoicing
According to Crowley 1992:54, “final devoicing is a process where the final voiced sounds in the word change into voiceless sounds”. As an example in the
word have [h əv]. The final sound [v] changes into [f] sound which is voiceless.
So, the word have will be pronounce as [h əf].
c. Nasalization
Nasalization is a process which change vowels adjacent nasal stops become nasalized. According to Campbell 2004:44 “vowels often become nasalized in
the environment of nasal consonant and cost the lost of the nasal sound”. The PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
example is taken form the word pan [pæn]. The vowel [æ] is nasalized by the [n] as nasal sound.
2 Dissimilation “Dissimilation is change in which sounds become less similar to one
another Campbell, 2004: 30”. Dissimilation process is much rarer and usually a sporadic phenomenon. This process often happens at a distance. For example, the
word February [febru əri] is pronounced as Febyuary, arctic [αrtık, αtık] becomes
[ αrktık, αktık].
3 Deletion elisison
“Deletion or elision is the omission of one or more sounds a vowel, a consonant or whole syllable in a word or phrase wikipedia”. Deletion is one
type of sound changes that is easy to find in the language process. This process is divided into three types, namely syncope, apocope, and aphaeresis or apheresis.
a Syncope atata atta
“Syncope is the deletion of a vowel from the interior of a word not initially or finally Campbell, 2004: 33”. For example, the omit of the medial
vowel [i] in the word family [fæm əli] becomes family [fæmili] and the medial
vowel [o] in the word memory [mem əri] becomes memory [mem ri] Campbell,
2004: 33.
b Apocope tata tat
“Apocope refers to the deletion of a sound, usually a vowel, at the end of the word Campbell, 2004: 33”. The two examples are taken from the language
change from Old English to Modern English O’Grady, 2001:323. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
