Interview Research Instruments 1. Observation Sheets
2. Analyzing the sound changes phenomena by using the theory of sound changes form Campbell 2004 and Crowley 1992.
After finding the sound change that occurred on the students’ pronunciation in pronouncing the English words, the researcher tried to analyze
the phenomena of the sound change by using the theory of sound change from Campbell 2004 and Crowley 1992.
From the previous example the researcher found three words which were the last sound on those words was substituted into the other sound. There are the
sounds self [se f], think [t ŋØ], and countries [kauntris]. The researcher
found two phenomena which discussed about the substitution on the final sound; they are final devoicing and apocope.
The final devoicing is the substitution of voiced final sounds into voiceless sound. Since the words save [se f] and countries [kauntris] experienced the
substitution of the last sound from voiced sound [v,z] into voiceless sounds [f,s], so those words were experienced the final devoicing phenomena. Apocope is the
deletion of consonant in the last word. Since the word think [t ŋØ] was
experienced the lost of final sound, so this word was experienced the apocope phenomena.
The researcher found that the word think [t ŋØ] was experienced the
substitution in the first sound. The fricative sound [ θ] was substituted by the stop
sound [t]. The researcher found one phenomena which described this substitution as strengthening. Strengthening is the substitution of weak sound into strong
sound. The word think [t ŋØ] was experienced the strengthening process
because the weak sound [ θ] was substituted by the strong sound [t].
The other problem was the substitution of the sound [ ] into sound [au]. The researcher found diphthongization phenomena which could explain the
phenomena that occurred in the word countries [kauntris]. Diphthongization is the change of single vowel into two vowels, form single vowel [ ] into two vowels
[au]. As the result the researcher found that diphthongization phenomena also occurred on the word countries [kauntris].
Example:
Phonetic transcription Words
Longman Pronunciation
Dictionary 2008 Oxford
American Dictionary 2003
Longman Dictionary Contemporary
English 2001 Students’
Pronunciation
Final devoicing
save se v
se v se v
se f
countries k ntriz k ntriz k ntriz k au
ntri s
Apocope
think
θ ŋk θ ŋk
θ ŋk t
ŋ k
Strengthening
think θ ŋk
θ ŋk θ ŋk
t ŋ
Diphthongization
countries k ntriz k ntriz k ntriz k au
ntri s
NOTE: is used to symbolize the assimilation process that occurred is used to symbolize the dipthongization process that occurred
is used to symbolize the anaptyxis process that occurred is used to symbolize the monophthongization that occurred