C. Research Instruments 1. Observation Sheets
According to Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh 2002:430, observation is the most basic method for obtaining data in qualitative research”. In observation, the
researcher may be a participant in the situation being observed or not. In this research, the researcher’s position was as a participant. Through observation, the
researcher achieved the detail information for the research because the researcher saw directly the condition of the students’ pronunciation in class.
The researcher also recorded the students’ pronunciation to be observed by using an audio recorder. The recording helped to solve the first problem
formulation by analyzing the phenomena of the students’ sound change. The recording also helped to solve the second problem formulation by finding the
difficult speech sound for the students to pronounce. The researcher asked students to read the texts, while the researcher
recorded the students’ pronunciation. From analyzing the transcription of the students’ pronunciation, the researcher found pronunciation problems which
happened in the students’ pronunciation, for example, the assimilation process which happened in students’ pronunciation. Students often substituted the sound
[ θ] with the sound [t] as in the word think [θ ŋk] become [t ŋk].
2. Questionnaire
The researcher also distributed questionnaire to the teacher to collect the data. According to Seliger and Shohamy 1989: 172, “questionnaires are printed
forms for data collection including questions or statements to which the subject is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
expected to respond.” Questionnaire can be divided in their degree of explicitness: unstructured questionnaire which has a low degree of explicitness and structured
questionnaire which has high degree of explicitness. In this research, the researcher used open questionnaire which belonged to
unstructured questionnaire. It is a kind of question that gives freedom to the respondent to answer by using their own words. Seliger 1989 states that
questionnaire is used to collect data on phenomena which are not easily observed, the process involved in using language and the background information about the
research subjects. In this questionnaire, the researcher collected the data related with the students’ pronunciation. The questionnaire helped to solve the second
problem formulation by checking the result of the difficult speech sound for the students to pronounce to the teacher.
3. Interview
According Ary, Jacobs and Razavieh 2002:434, “the interview is one of the most widely used methods for obtaining qualitative data”. The interview
provides information that cannot be obtained through observation, or they can be used to verify the observation. There are three types of interview which can be
differentiated by their degree of explicitness and structure. They are open, semi- open and semi-structured.
In this research, the researcher used open interview or described as “a conversation with a purpose”. In this interview, the researcher asks questions as
the opportunity and uses the subjects; responses to decide on the next question Ary, Jacobs and Razavieh: 2002.
This kind of interview allows the interviewee maximum freedom of expression and often unexpected information emerges. This interview is often
more similar to a conversation rather than interview. The researcher made the condition of the interview liked shear season.
In this research, the researcher interviewed the English teacher of Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negari 2 Depok. In this interview, the researcher collected
the data related to the students’ problems in pronouncing English sounds. The interview helped to solve the second problem formulation by checking the result
of the difficult speech sound for the students to pronounce to the teacher.
D. Data Gathering Technique
This section illustrates how the researcher gathered the data from the participants. Firstly, the researcher selected the reading texts which would be read
by students. The reading texts were taken from the students’ English book. After selecting the texts, the researcher asked students to read the text. By
using an audio recorder, the researcher recorded the students’ pronunciation to collect the data. It was expected that the researcher could collect lots of important
data to this study. After recording the students’ pronunciation, the researcher transcribed the
students’ pronunciation into phonetic transcription. The researcher made a list of phonetic transcription of the students’ pronunciation and compared it with the
phonetic transcription based on Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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