29
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents information on how this study was conducted. The discussions deal with the research method, the research participants, the research
instrument, the data gathering technique, the data analysis technique, and the research procedure.
A. Research Method
The study is a descriptive research. According to Seliger and Shohamy 1989:116 “descriptive research is concerned with providing descriptions on
phenomena that occur naturally, without the intervention of an experiment or an artificially contrived treatment”. This study described the phenomena of the sound
change that occurred in the pronunciation of the first grade students of Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri
2 Depok Sleman Yogyakarta Descriptive research could be qualitative or quantitative. This research is
categorized as descriptive qualitative because this research deals with data that are in the form of words, rather than numbers and statistic. The data collected in this
study are the participants’ pronunciation. The researcher tried to describe the phenomena that occurred on the students’ pronunciation.
The researcher recorded the learner’s pronunciation by giving students texts to read. The researcher analyzed the recording of the students’ pronunciation
and transcribed the students’ pronunciation into the phonetic transcription. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
To solve the first problem, types of the English sound change of the first grade students of Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri 2 Depok Sleman
Yogyakarta, the researcher tried to compare the phonetic transcription of the students’ pronunciation with the phonetic transcription of Pronunciation Longman
Dictionary 2008, Longman Dictionary Contemporary English 2001 and Oxford American Dictionary 2003.
After comparing the phonetic transcription, the researcher analyzed the process of the sound change that occurred in the students’ pronunciation. After
finding the sound change that occurred in the students’ pronunciation, the researcher analyzed the phenomena that occurred on the students’ sound change
by using the sound change theories by Crowley 1992 and Campbell 2004. To answer the second problem formulation, the researcher made a list of the
sound change that occurred in the students’ pronunciation and tried to find out the difficult speech sound for the students to pronounce.
B. Research Participants In this descriptive research, the research participants were the first grade
students of Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri 2 Depok Sleman Yogyakarta. The participants of this study were students of Geologi Pertambangan GPB
class. These participants were chosen because the researcher has been conducted practice teaching at this class and the researcher explored that the students
experienced the sound changes on their pronunciation. The number of the students was twenty-two students. They consisted of five girls and seventeen boys.
C. Research Instruments 1. Observation Sheets
According to Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh 2002:430, observation is the most basic method for obtaining data in qualitative research”. In observation, the
researcher may be a participant in the situation being observed or not. In this research, the researcher’s position was as a participant. Through observation, the
researcher achieved the detail information for the research because the researcher saw directly the condition of the students’ pronunciation in class.
The researcher also recorded the students’ pronunciation to be observed by using an audio recorder. The recording helped to solve the first problem
formulation by analyzing the phenomena of the students’ sound change. The recording also helped to solve the second problem formulation by finding the
difficult speech sound for the students to pronounce. The researcher asked students to read the texts, while the researcher
recorded the students’ pronunciation. From analyzing the transcription of the students’ pronunciation, the researcher found pronunciation problems which
happened in the students’ pronunciation, for example, the assimilation process which happened in students’ pronunciation. Students often substituted the sound
[ θ] with the sound [t] as in the word think [θ ŋk] become [t ŋk].
2. Questionnaire
The researcher also distributed questionnaire to the teacher to collect the data. According to Seliger and Shohamy 1989: 172, “questionnaires are printed
forms for data collection including questions or statements to which the subject is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Kategori