Aims of Study Scope of Discussion

1.5 Research Methods

1.5.1 Data Source

The data of this study were focused on English prepositions at, on and by, which were taken from a novel entitled “The Fault in Our Stars” by John Green 2012 and translated by Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno 2014. This novel was chosen as the source data because of some reasons: First, it has fascinating storyline about two teenage cancer patients. Second, John Green as the author was considered to be one of the greatest authors in the world. Third, the novel was becoming a New York bestselling novel and it eventually adapted into a film. Besides, there were many English language prepositions at, on and by found in this novel.

1.5.2 Methods and Techniques of Collecting Data

The data of this study were collected by using library research. Meanwhile, the techniques of the data were done by several steps. Reading and comparing both English and Indonesian novel is the first step. The second step is finding out the sentences that contain the preposition at, on and by. After that, those prepositions were marked, underlined and retyped based on both English and Indonesian translation of The Fault in Our Stars novel.

1.5.3 Methods and Techniques of Analyzing Data

The collected data were analyzed by using qualitative method. They were described in detail based on theories to the topic of discussion. The selected data were identified and analyzed to determine the functions and their translation of English language preposition at, on, and by based on concept and theoretical framework. In sum, the data is done by finding the translation equivalences in both English and Indonesian sentences that contain preposition at, on and by. Then, the functions of the preposition are defined. . 1.5.4 Methods and Techniques of Presenting Result of Analysis The analysis of the data was presented by numbering format. Then, the analyzing data were described based on classification of the function of prepositions and their translation equivalences. The following sentence is the example on how the analyzing data are presented: For example: SL: I’d taken a seat on the corner of his unmade bed. Green, 2012: 31 TL: Aku sudah duduk di pojok ranjang Augustus yang berantakan. Nimpoeno, 2014:46 The prepositional phrase on the corner Tree Diagram of prepositional phrase on the corner: PP P NP On The Corner Di Pojok