Review of Literatures REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORETICAL
in and at since it has three problems. However, those make this study more complicated that it should be.
The second study was written by Suhartatik 2010 entitled “The Translation of Preposition By
into Indonesian”. Her study is mainly aimed at classifying the function of proposition by and its equivalences into Indonesian. In
order to classify the data, she used the theory from Larson 1984 and Quirk 1985. Results showed that there are seven functions of preposition by in the
novel If Tomorrow Comes, such as: denoting space, denoting time, denoting agentive, denoting stimulus, denoting means, denoting cause and reason, and
denoting manner. There are also found various equivalences of preposition by into Indonesian, such as: di, ke, menjelang, ketika, sampai, terhadap, akan, melalui,
dengan, oleh, hanya, karena, and tentang. In her study, there is interesting thing that eventually become the strengths of this study, such as: there are various
numbers of the functions and equivalences of the preposition by into Indonesian that may be in other study do not have. Those are giving new knowledge to those
who do not know that the English preposition by can have many translation in Indonesian besides the preposition dengan, oleh and melalui. Meanwhile, since
this study only focused on preposition by, it makes this study lack of variation of prepositions while we know that there are a lot of English prepositions besides the
preposition by. The third study was written by Primayanti 2007 entitled “An Analysis of
Preposition In, On, At and Their Equivalence in Indonesi an in the Novel “The
adventures of Tom Sawyer” by Mark Twain”. Her study is aimed at describing the
translation equivalence of preposition in, on, and at into Indonesian and finding the variation of translation of proposition in, on, and at. In her study, she used the
theory from Larson 1998 to find and analyze the data and results showed that the preposition in is translated into di, dengan, dalam, di dalam, ke, zero
equivalence, untuk. The preposition on is translated into di, di atas, zero equivalence, pada, dengan, dari, ke. Meanwhile, the preposition at is translated
into di, dengan, ke, dari, dalam, zero equivalence. Besides, she also explained that there are variations of translation of English preposition into Indonesian. This
study has more variation of English preposition. It makes this study more interesting to read and gives some new information to those who want to learn and
understand especially about the prepositional meaning and the translation equivalences of preposition at, in, and on. However, this study only used one
theory while the other studies that have same topic usually used two theories to solve each problem.
Besides those studies, some scientific journals also give contribution to this study. The first article of journal i
s written by Al Yaari 2013 entitled “The Problem of Translating the Prepositions at, in and on into Arabic: An Applied
Linguistic Approach”. His study aims to explore the difficulties Saudi EFL students face during the process of translating the English prepositions at, in and
on into Arabic. It also aims at identifying which gender type is better in translating these prepositions in particular. The findings revealed that Saudi EFL
students face problems related to use and usage when transferring simple prepositions from English into Arabic. Significant differences related to the
performances of both males and females where females scored higher marks than those scored by the males. These findings suggest that acquired skills and abilities
involved in translation appear to be more strongly activated in the English-Arabic tasks in women as compared to men.
This study gives much contribution to those who want to learn and understand about statistical in translation, such as: how to measure the amount of
tota l number of the correct and incorrect of students’ answer related to use and
usage when transferring simple prepositions from English into Arabic. However, in this study the writer only selected the test items into both time and place cases.
The last but not least is an article of journal written by Humeid 2013 entitled “Compound Prepositions Used by Iraqi EFL University Students”. The
study is aimed at identifying and analyzing the errors which Iraqi EFL university students are liable to make in using compound prepositions also giving a clearer
rationale for the possible causes for such errors. In his study, he focused on Hornby’s theories 2006. Meanwhile, the results of his study can be concluded
that the majority of Iraqi EFL university students fail to recognize and produce such propositions. Moreover, they do not realize the function of such prepositions
because they do not discern their meanings and most books of grammar do not list their meanings or uses.
In his study, there are some points to be noticed; he is very detailed in explaining compound prepositions and the results of his study are very clear.
However, there is no recommendation to the students so that their students’ abilities are not improved.
Those above-mentioned studies give the writer a lot of ideas and new knowledge to do this study since all the studies have the same topic about the
English language preposition.