English language preposition at, on, and by based on concept and theoretical framework. In sum, the data is done by finding the translation equivalences in
both English and Indonesian sentences that contain preposition at, on and by. Then, the functions of the preposition are defined.
. 1.5.4
Methods and Techniques of Presenting Result of Analysis
The analysis of the data was presented by numbering format. Then, the analyzing data were described based on classification of the function of
prepositions and their translation equivalences. The following sentence is the example on how the analyzing data are presented:
For example:
SL: I’d taken a seat on the corner of his unmade bed. Green, 2012: 31 TL: Aku sudah duduk di pojok ranjang Augustus yang berantakan. Nimpoeno,
2014:46 The prepositional phrase on the corner
Tree Diagram of prepositional phrase on the corner:
PP
P NP
On The Corner Di Pojok
From the example above it can be seen that preposition on in the sentence is translated into di in Indonesian. The function of preposition in SL and TL above is
to denote position.
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
1.1 Review of Literatures
Studies on the translation of English language preposition have been done by some students of English Department. These studies give much contribution to
this study. The literary reviews about English language preposition are briefly described as follows:
The first study was written by Yasa 2010 entitled “Preposition In, On, At and Their Translation into Indonesian in the Novel Entitled ‘Revolt in Paradise’
by K’tut Tantri”. His study aims to find out the translation, the function, and the
meaning of preposition in, on, and at, classified in accordance with kinds of preposition indicates time, place, instrument, condition, and goal or target and
their translatio n in Indonesian. Yasa’s study was using Quirk’s University
Grammar of English Language and Larson’s Meaning based translation. In his
study, he found that many cases of preposition in, on, and at indicates time, place, instrument, condition, goal, and target have several meanings and functions. It
means the translation of preposition in, on, and at can result in some different translation forms. He also found that preposition in is translated into di, dengan,
dalam and ke. Preposition on is translated into di, di atas, pada, dengan, dari, and ke. Preposition at is translated into di, dengan, ke and dalam. From the result
above, Yasa’ s study was very clear and detailed in analyzing the preposition on,
in and at since it has three problems. However, those make this study more complicated that it should be.
The second study was written by Suhartatik 2010 entitled “The Translation of Preposition By
into Indonesian”. Her study is mainly aimed at classifying the function of proposition by and its equivalences into Indonesian. In
order to classify the data, she used the theory from Larson 1984 and Quirk 1985. Results showed that there are seven functions of preposition by in the
novel If Tomorrow Comes, such as: denoting space, denoting time, denoting agentive, denoting stimulus, denoting means, denoting cause and reason, and
denoting manner. There are also found various equivalences of preposition by into Indonesian, such as: di, ke, menjelang, ketika, sampai, terhadap, akan, melalui,
dengan, oleh, hanya, karena, and tentang. In her study, there is interesting thing that eventually become the strengths of this study, such as: there are various
numbers of the functions and equivalences of the preposition by into Indonesian that may be in other study do not have. Those are giving new knowledge to those
who do not know that the English preposition by can have many translation in Indonesian besides the preposition dengan, oleh and melalui. Meanwhile, since
this study only focused on preposition by, it makes this study lack of variation of prepositions while we know that there are a lot of English prepositions besides the
preposition by. The third study was written by Primayanti 2007 entitled “An Analysis of
Preposition In, On, At and Their Equivalence in Indonesi an in the Novel “The
adventures of Tom Sawyer” by Mark Twain”. Her study is aimed at describing the
