Structure Shift Class Shift Unit Shift Intra-System Shift

a. Structure Shift

Structure shift is the most frequent category shifts at all ranks in translation. It is enclose a change in grammatical structure between source language into target language 14 . Example 15 : SL : new shirt TL : baju baru From the example, the noun phrase new shirt in the source language text is constructed of modifier new + head shirt, meanwhile in the target language it becomes baju baru which is constructed of head baju + modifier baru.

b. Class Shift

Class shift occurs when the translation equivalent of a SL item is a member of a different class from the original item 16 . Example 17 : SL : medical student TL : mahasiswa kedokteran In this example, medical in the source language is an adjective is shifted into pendidikan which is in the target language is noun. 14 Ibid, p. 77 15 Siti Muhtalifah. 2011. An Analysis of English-Indonesian Translation Shift in the Hannah Banana Short Stroty By Ribut Wahyudi. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta 16 Ibid, p. 78 17 Ibid, p.79

c. Unit Shift

Unit shift involves change in rank. It departs from formal correspondence in which the translation equivalent of a unit at one rank in the SL is the unit at a different rank in the TL 18 . Example 19 : a phrase into a clause. SL : Hari Jum‟at adalah hari baik. TL : Friday is a good day. For the example, there is alteration of rank from phrase to be word.

d. Intra-System Shift

Catford said that intra-system shift occur because there is internal system between source language and target language based on their regulation of language constitution 20 . SL : Many books TL : Banyak buku Books in the source language is a plural form. It is translated into buku in the target language in a singular form. According to Newmark a shift called as transposition which involves a change in the grammar from source language to the target language. There are four types of transposition 21 : 18 J.C. Catford, 1965. A Linguistics Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. p. 79 19 Siti Muhtalifah. 2011. An Analysis of English-Indonesian Translation Shift in the Hannah Banana Short Stroty By Ribut Wahyudi. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta 20 Ibid, p. 80.

1. The First Type