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CHAPTER II THE AIM OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION
IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS
A. The Concept of Educational objectives
1. Understanding of the Objective
In accordance with Indonesian Language, the word objective is the aim, direction, bow, intended thing and meant”.
1
To quote Armai Arief, the word aim or objective referred to in Arabic as
“ghoyat, ahdaf and maqoshid”. In English it means goals, purposes, objectives or aim.
2
Terminological the word aim is an achieved expectation after finishing or completing an effort.
3
There are many of the goals, namely: 1.
Institutional aim, namely institutional aim such as the goals or expected qualification when he finished a program of education in
definite institution of educational. 2.
Instructional aim, namely goal or objective which is obtained of teaching a subject which has been planned.
1
Tim Penyusun Kamus Pusat Bahasa, Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 2002, Edisi III, Cet. II, p.1216.
2
Armai Arief, Pengantar Ilmu dan Metodologi Pendidikan Islam, Jakarta: Ciputat Press, 2002, p. 15.
3
Armai Arief, Pengantar Ilmu…, p. 15.
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3. Curricular aim is the goal or expected qualification of student after
finishing a program of lesson.
4
According to Hamka, the aim is “an importance and essential thing for human life. By the aim, someone’s life becomes dynamic, systematic,
and meaningful”.
5
According to M. Arifin, the aim is “an embodied ideal. In
educational aim that ideal milieu is visible in the final goals”.
6
Thereby, the meaning of aim is a target, achievement, an expectation to reach the ideal atmosphere of life which purposed to embody. In
educational definition, the aim is target or competence which could be reached in level of education to become a student has potency in
knowledge, skills, and applying Islamic values in their daily life.
2. The Aim of Education
The aim of education is to humanize into human being who has harmony in balancing of values of life and building a civilization for his
age. According to Omar Muhammad al Toumy al Syaibani, the basic
concept of educational aim is “intentional by meant of the educational process or educational effort to provide behavioral change whether in
individual or social in natural environment where he lives or in the process of educational itself as fundamental activity and fundamental profession in
society”.
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4
Tim Penyusun Kamus Pusat Bahasa, Kamus Besar..., p. 1216.
5
Samsul Nizar, Memperbincang Dinamika Intelektual dan Pemikiran Hamka Tentang Pendidikan Islam, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2008, Cet. I, p. 116.
6
Muzayyin Arifin, Filsafat Pendidikan Islam, Bandung: Bumi Aksara, 2009, Edisi revisi, Cet. IV, p. 159.
7
Omar Muhammad Al Toumy Al Syaibani, Falsafah Pendidikan Islam, Terj. dari Falsafatut Tarbiyah Al Islamiyah oleh Hasan Langgulung Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1979, Cet. I,
p. 389.
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In Islamic education, the education is an orientation of education based on Islamic values which there are three domains of human as a
Caliph in the world: a.
To implant the harmonious and balance relationship between his God. b.
To build the harmonious and balance relationship between community. c.
To develop the ability to in earth, manage and exploit natural riches Allah’s creation as human “rahmatan lil alamin”.
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According to Ki Hajar Dewantara that the purpose of education is a natural advocate support of children so they can develop their inner life
of birth and by nature of each. Knowledge and skill are not objective but a tool tools to reach maturity soul will be able to realize the life and
livelihood and sacred order, and the benefit to others. The education has to achieve into good integrity and personal capability for a social change in
society.
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According to the educational philosophy of Pancasila, the educational aim was in constancy of people’s consultative council MPR
No. II1978, the five basic principles Pancasila is spirit of all Indonesian, Indonesian’s personality, and view point of Indonesian nation even as a
basic nation. Pancasila became the Indonesian’s purpose in life, whether as
individual or as social human in relationship between God and nature although an effort in achieving happiness.
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From those statements, the aim of education is to develop potency from what have been had by student, inherit culture or in growth the
values, norm, regulation and arrangement in society where ever the student lives.
8
M. Arifin, Filsafat Pendidikan Islam…, Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara, 1987, Cet. I, p. 133.
9
Fauzi, Metode Pengembangan Pendidikan Afektif Pada Pendidikan Islam Terpadu Studi Kasus
Sekolah Islam
Terpadu di
Daerah Istimewa
Jogjakarta, Dalam
situs http:alfauzi.blogspot.com200802metode-pengembangan-pendidikan-afektif.html, Dikutip pada
tanggal 3 Maret 2009.
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Choirul Fuad Yusuf Ed., Kajian Peraturan dan Perundang-undangan Pendidikan
Agama pada Sekolah, Jakarta: Pena Citasatria, 2008, Cet. I, p. 44.
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Then the students make these potentials are able to use what has been inherited by culture. It means the students have capabilities in interacted
potency with culture inheritance. Even the students can apply the values of Islamic doctrine which useful to personal, society and student environment
itself. In accordance with the educational aim in philosophy of Pancasila, as a conclusion that the aim of education is to become Indonesian people
who prestigious people, knowledgeable and the last can apply the values of life likes in the five basic principles.
B. The Understanding of Islamic Education
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