Instrument of the Research

7 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FAMEWORK

A. Related Research

As consideration, the writer lists several theses with similar topics about metaphor. First, Christopher M Schimdt, 9 in the research entitled Metaphor and Cognition: A Cross-Cultural Study of Indigenous and Universal Constructs in Stock Exchange Reports , applying the theory of metaphor cognitive introduced by Lakoff and Johnson in 1980 on a corpus of data from a cross-cultural in the field of business communications, on a business report on the stock exchange which is found in the article the business newspaper in Finland, Sweden, and Germany. The study examined aspects of the similarities and differences in various cultures through metaphor cognitive. The goal is to show, by the way how the two aspects of the earlier intertwine, as well as the way how the two aspects that could be relevant to be a theoretical basis for the study of intercultural communication as well as for solving the problem in terms of understanding the meaning, which can appear in fields particular in intercultural communication. has done a research entitled Metafora Pungutan Lebih Berpotensi Mempengaruhi Struktur Konseptual Bangsa . This research uses the theory of conceptual metaphor Lakoff and Johnson which states that 9 Christopher M. Schmidt. Intercultural Communication Journal. Language Center: Åbo Akademi University Finland 8 metaphor is not only linguistic but also the conceptual mapping of native speakers. To prove their theory. Lailiyatuz Zuhriyyah 10 has done a research entitled An Analysis of Metaphor and Metonymy on Stephenie Meyer Novel Breaking Dawn” in 2011. She uses theory of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. She examines a meaning of metaphor and metonymy types. Lailiyatuz Zuhriyyah uses the novel as the data to find the implied meaning of metaphor. Furthermore, she analysis metaphor into three types, they are: structural metaphor, orientational metaphor, and ontological metaphor. In her research, she analysis metonymy and divide it into four types, they are: part for whole with three expressions, producer for product with three expressions, container for contained two expressions, and institution for people responsible, place for event, object used for user, action for object, agent for action, prossed for possesior, controller for controlled, with each one expression. So, that the reader can portray clearly the story in the novel. The other, Ratih Novianti Marlan 11 in her research entitled, Konseptualisasi Metafora Emosi dalam Rubrik Konsultasi Majalah Mingguan Wanita Femina reveals the metaphorical conceptualization of emotion in Indonesian and show the influence of the cultural background of speakers in the formation of emotional metaphor Indonesian. This research gives results 10 Laiyilatus Zuhriyyah. 2011. An Analysis of Metaphor and Metonymy on Stephenie Meyer‟s Novel Breaking Dawn . A Thesis S1: State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, p.64. 11 Ratih N.Marlan 2009. Konseptualisasi Metafora Emosi dalam Rubrik Konsultasi Majalah Mingguan Wanita Femina