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8 Once the magnitude of the March 11
disaster become clear, the online world began asking, “How can we help?”
Ontological Metaphor
9 And for that, social media offered the ideal
platform for good ideal to spread quickly, supplementing and even rivaling efforts
launched by giants like Google and Facebook.
Ontological Metaphor
10 Twitter was already a big hit on Japan,
where more than three-quarters of the population is connected to the Internet
Ontological Metaphor
11 Video streaming provider Ustream and
Japanese video sharing platform Nico Nico Douga also saw viewership climb.
Orientational Metaphor
12 On normal days, parks can become water
catchment areas, lungs of the city and tourists‟ attraction.
Ontological Metaphor
B. Data Analysis
The writer tabulates the data of metaphor from the corpus article on The Jakarta Post March 26, 2011 and The Jakarta Post March 31, 2011 and
categorize them to the types which have been explained in chapter II according Lakoff and Johnson. Those types are: structural metaphor,
orientational metaphor, and ontological metaphor.
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1. Metaphor
Metaphor is defined as understanding conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain. A conceptual metaphor consists of two
conceptual domains, in which one domain is understood in terms of another.
a. Datum 1:
In the immediate aftermath of disaster that likely killed more than 18.000 people, phone and cellular networks were either down or overwhelmed with
traffic.
Explanation:
The expression shows case of orientational metaphor, in which there is spatial orientation
“Down.” Based on physical and cultural experience that physical basis for personal well-being: happiness, health, life and control; the
things that principally characterize what is bad as a person are all down. Thus, the conceptual metaphor is “Bad Is Down,” there is cross domain mapping,
that is, the concrete domain o f direction or spatial orientation “down” is
mapped onto abstract domain of personal well-being “Bad” in which the
target domain is “Bad” and the source domain is “Down.”
Basically, orientation “Down” means a lower position, or less number of certain thing, but
in the sentence, “Down” here means can‟t be use at the moment by people. Traffic on phone and cellular networks means messages
or data conveyed through such a system.
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During a certain day or event,
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http:www.thefreedictionary.comtraffic
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especially important event like earthquakes, many citizens would use phone or search news from their mobile internet at the same time, which is caused
the traffic, which led to the phone can‟t access the data because so many people use it. The phone and cellular networks were down at the moment can
make citizens become more panic and worry about it, which is a bad situation for them.
This orientational metaphorical expression found in Japan Disaster Sparks Social Media Innovation
article. The metaphor supports the idea of social networks has valuab
le role in today‟s society, the metaphor “Down is Bad” which describes the negative effects to readers, as a result, it gives empathy
implicit messages of how social media can be very important in unpleasant situation and
it‟s a bad thing if we can‟t access it at the moment.
b. Datum 2:
City administration in Japan were fully aware that they lived under the constant threat of earthquakes and tsunamis.
Explanation:
The expression shows case of orientational metaphor, in which there is spatial orientation
“Under” before the noun constant threat. According to Lakoff, based on physical and cultural experience that physical size typically
correlates with physical strength, and the victor in a fight is typically on top. “Top‟ goes along with orientation “Up” means having control, then “under‟
