The Unit of Analysis

8 metaphor is not only linguistic but also the conceptual mapping of native speakers. To prove their theory. Lailiyatuz Zuhriyyah 10 has done a research entitled An Analysis of Metaphor and Metonymy on Stephenie Meyer Novel Breaking Dawn” in 2011. She uses theory of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. She examines a meaning of metaphor and metonymy types. Lailiyatuz Zuhriyyah uses the novel as the data to find the implied meaning of metaphor. Furthermore, she analysis metaphor into three types, they are: structural metaphor, orientational metaphor, and ontological metaphor. In her research, she analysis metonymy and divide it into four types, they are: part for whole with three expressions, producer for product with three expressions, container for contained two expressions, and institution for people responsible, place for event, object used for user, action for object, agent for action, prossed for possesior, controller for controlled, with each one expression. So, that the reader can portray clearly the story in the novel. The other, Ratih Novianti Marlan 11 in her research entitled, Konseptualisasi Metafora Emosi dalam Rubrik Konsultasi Majalah Mingguan Wanita Femina reveals the metaphorical conceptualization of emotion in Indonesian and show the influence of the cultural background of speakers in the formation of emotional metaphor Indonesian. This research gives results 10 Laiyilatus Zuhriyyah. 2011. An Analysis of Metaphor and Metonymy on Stephenie Meyer‟s Novel Breaking Dawn . A Thesis S1: State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, p.64. 11 Ratih N.Marlan 2009. Konseptualisasi Metafora Emosi dalam Rubrik Konsultasi Majalah Mingguan Wanita Femina 9 that not all figure of speech used to express the emotions, in addition, this research also showed that the formation of emotional metaphors show concepts are universal.

B. Semantics and Meaning

Semantics and purpose definition based on Abdul Chaer 12 in Pengantar Semantik Bahasa Indonesia , the word semantics in Bahasa comes from Greek, Sema, which means sign and symbol. Sign or symbol as a synonym of the word of Sema, which means sign of linguistics. This sign of linguistics consists of two parts, component that interpret something and component that defined or the first component. Both of components are sign and symbol, while being marked or in the symbol are something that beyond common language called referent or being indicated. Afterwards, the word of semantics is agreed as a term that used for linguistics field on study of relation between signs of linguistics with things that are being marked. Therefore, the word of semantics can be interpreted as a study of meanings or significance. The scope of semantics is including meanings or significance that related with language as instrument of communication verbal. A word or lexeme contain meaning or concept. Meaning or concept tend to general, while something that referenced or beyond language tend to be more specific. 13 12 Abdul Chaer. Op Cit., p.31. 13 Ibid ., p.35.