P is defined as R

19 comparison. Therefore, he called it the relational metaphor. For example, relationships between elements in question can be seen in metaphorical expression green ideas 1983: 246. The word green in this metaphorical expression has a relation with the meaning of immaturity and unpreparedness. In this case, the concepts of constructing meaning of metaphorical expression green ideas as a whole, namely the ideas of immature or not ready. In the contrary to Searle, Cohen 1979, quoted by Jaszczolt, argues that the meaning of the metaphor lies in the sentence, not on the speaker. He believes that there is a cancellation of certain characteristics of an object owned by another drawn with the components of semantic meaning of the word, example, the word gold has its own metaphor meaning because certainly reject the features of the word metal. 32 Cohen 1979 further stated that the study of metaphor can be done at the level of semantics. In this method, he introduced two methods used in assessing the semantic meaning in the metaphor. Two methods are meant by it is the method of cancellation cancellation and methods of multiplication or duplication. 33 In this regard, Cohen gives two examples of instances in the following sentences. 1. A lion eats ten pounds of meat a day

2. Stone lion needs no feedings

32 Katarzyna Jaszczolt. Op.Cit., p.351. 33 Andrew Otorny. Op.Cit., p.215. 20 Sentence 1 lion that features animals symbolized by a moving creature denoted by feature + Animate whereas in the sentence 2 the feature was canceled because of the lion in the sentence 2 are not animals as expressed in the sentence 1 in this case the lion do not feature + Animate.

D. Kinds of Metaphor

George Lakofff, Mark Johnson in their book Metaphors, We Live By 1980 and Zoltan Kövecses in his book, Metaphor: A Practicial Introduction 2010 divided metaphors into three types, they are: structural metaphor, orientational metaphor and ontological metaphor. 34 However, Kövecses classified for the purposes of clearer exposition, conceptual metaphors can be classified according to the cognitive functions that they perform. There are explanations about three types of metaphors:

1. Structural Metaphor

In this kind of metaphor, the source domain provides a relatively rich knowledge structure for the target concept. In other words, the cognitive function of these metaphors is to enable speakers to understand target A by means of the structure of source B. 35 Meanwhile, according to Lakoff to give of what it could mean for a concept to be metaphorical and for such a concept 34 George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, Metaphors We Live By, London: The University of Chicago Press, 1980,p 37. 35 Ibid .,