Risk Factor Analysis Results
A study of ergonomic factors contributing to the occurrence of occupation-related musculo-skeletal problems in garment workers
105
force with hands, vibration, static muscle loading, awkward postures and bending and twisting at the waist. The common risk factors that were seen in the work
station were inability to vary the posture, with no provision of arm or foot rest, and lack of floor mats for workers who had to stand for long periods. Although
adjustable chairs were provided for some of the workers, the workers demonstrated a general lack of awareness regarding the correct positioning of the back rest. The
remaining workers had to be content with non-adjustable chairs.
The workers were not trained in proper work practices, and most maintained abnormal postures while working. Moreover, many workers showed lack of
awareness regarding the recognition of the signs and symptoms of their musculo-skeletal pain. Most of the workers were psychologically well and few
workers had severe distress.
Based on the observation and supporting statistical data the following recommendations can be made to prevent secondary complications:
1. Arm and foot rests should be provided for all the workers who sit for long periods. Floor mats should be provided for the workers who have to stand
for long periods. 2. A simple stretching and exercise programme should be conducted to
overcome the pain and problems that may be likely to occur. 3. A “back school” program may be instituted – these are educational
programs for prevention and rehabilitation of mechanical back pain. The goals of a back school program are reduction of existing back pain and
prevention of recurring back pain. This school should be conducted to create awareness and to help the workers recognise the signs and
symptoms of musculo-skeletal problems. Such a program has been shown to reduce existing back pain and prevent recurrence of back pain
Maier-Riechle and Harter, 2001.
4. Educational programs should be conducted for the supervisors and managers regarding proper work practice and appropriate bio-mechanical
techniques while working to increase the workers’ efficiency and the productivity of the company while maintaining workers’ quality of life.
References
Chavalitsakulchai P, Shahnavaz H, 1993. Musculo skeletal disorders of female workers and ergonomics problems in five different industries of a developing
country. The Journal of Human Ecology, 22: 29-43. Chavalitsakulchai P, Shahnavaz H, 1993. Ergonomics method for prevention of the
musculoskeletal discomfort among female industrial workers: physical characteristics and work factors. The Journal of Human Ecology, 22: 95-113.
Joseph B, Kiran PR, 2008. A stitch in time…annual health appraisal of garment industry employees, Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 24, 104-108
Lashuay N, Burgel BJ, Harrison R, 2006. Work injury risks in Oakland CA garment industry 2002 [monograph on the Internet]. [Cited 2007 Nov 28]. Available