Dynamic Equivalence of Passive Verbs Based on Tenses.

5.3 Dynamic Equivalence.

A translation of dynamic equivalence aims at complete naturalness of expressions, and tries to relate the receptor to modes of behavior relevant within the context of his own culture; it does not insist that he understand the cultural patterns of the source-language context in order to comprehend the message in Venuti, 2000:129. That is why some of the translation of the passive verbs below does not match the translation in the dictionary. Here I use the English – Indonesian dictionary by Shadily. All passive verbs found in the source text novel that are part of dynamic equivalence are written below.

5.3.1 Dynamic Equivalence of Passive Verbs Based on Tenses.

1. ST : “No doubt a Confundus Charm has been placed upon Dawlish.” Page 11 TT : “Tak diragukan lagi Mantra Confundus pastilah telah dilancarkan kepada Dawlish.” Page 15 Passive verb been placed is translated into dilancarkan. 2. ST : “The place according to the Source, has been given every protection that the Order and Ministry could provide together.” Page 12 TT : “Tempat itu, menurut si Sumber, telah dilindungi dengan segala macam sihir perlindungan yang bias diberikan Orde dan Kementrian bersama- sama.” Page 16 Passive verb been given is translated into dilindungi. 3. ST : He looked around; the landing of number four, Privet Drive, was deserted. Page 19 Universitas Sumatera Utara TT : Dia memandang berkeliling; bordes rumah di Privet Drive, nomor empat, kosong. Page 27 Passive verb was deserted is translated into kosong. 4. ST : The locket was accorded that place of honour not because it was valuable. Page 20 TT : Liontin itu mendapat tempat kehormatan ini bukan karena itu barang berharga. Page 30 Passive verb was accorded is translated into mendapat. 5. ST : Dumbledore couldn’t keep either of them quiet, anyway, they were both charged by the Wizengamot. Page 28 TT : Bagaimanapun juga Dumbledore tidak bisa menyembunyikan dua hal itu, mereka berdua dihukum oleh Wizengamot. Page 43 Passive verb was charged is translated into dihukum. 6. ST : Harry’s favourite moment had been the one when Uncle Vernon, unaware that Dudley had added his dumb-bells to his case since the last time it had been unpacked, had attempted to hoist it back into the boot and collapsed with roars of pain and much swearing. Page 32 TT : Saat yang paling disukai Harry adalah ketika Paman Vernon, tak tahu bahwa Dudley telah menambahkan barbel ke dalam kopernya setelah pembongkaran yang terakhir, berusaha mengangkatnya dan memasukkannya ke dalam bagasi dan ambruk kesakitan sambil menyumpah-nyumpah. Page 50 Passive verb been unpacked is translated into pembongkaran. 7. ST : “Well, he’s taken,” said Harry. Page 34 Universitas Sumatera Utara TT : “Yah, dia sudah ada yang pakai,” kata Harry. Page 54 Passive verb is taken is translated into sudah ada yang pakai. 8. ST : “I personally would be utterly bamboozled by all those buttons and knobs,” said Dedalus. Page 36 TT : “Saya sendiri pasti dibuat sangat bingung oleh semua tombol dan kenop itu,” kata Dedalus. Page 57 Passive verb be bamboozled is translated into dibuat bingung. 9. ST : The answer was clearly etched in Mrs. Weasley’s pale face. Page 61 TT : Jawabannya nyata terpeta di wajah pucat Mrs. Weasley. Page 97 Passive verb was etched is translated into terpeta. 10. ST : We were surrounded the moment we took off. Page 61 TT : Para pelahap maut sudah menunggu kami saat kami berangkat. Page 97 Passive verb were surrounded is translated into sudah menunggu. 11. ST : Fantastic stuff: there’s an exhaust gaskin, as I believe it’s called, the most magnificent battery, and it’ll be a great opportunity to find out how brakes work. Page 81 TT : Barang-barang yang fantastik: ada knalpot, kurasa itu namanya, baterai yang sangat hebat, dan akan jadi kesempatan besar untuk mengetahui bagaimana rem berfungsi. Page 130 Passive verb is called is translated into namanya. 12. ST : Once they had all been deemed smart enough, they tropped out into the sunny backyard to await the visitors. Page 92 Universitas Sumatera Utara TT : Begitu mereka sudah dinilai cukup rapi, mereka beriringan ke halaman belakang yang bermandi cahaya matahari untuk menunggu para tamu. Passive verb been deemed is translated into dinilai. 13. ST : They were wedged together so tightly that Ron had difficulty extracting his arm to put it around Hermione’s shoulders. Page 107 TT : Mereka duduk sangat berimpitan, sehingga sulit bagi Ron untuk menarik lengannya dan melingkarkannya ke bahu Hermione. Page 174 Passive verb were wedged is translated into duduk. 14. ST : George was left to deal with the middle-aged witches and Ron took charge of Mr. Weasley ‘s old Ministry collague, Perkins, while a rather deaf old couple fell to Harry’s. Page 116 TT : George terpaksa menangani rombongan penyihir perempuan paro baya dan Ron mengantar teman lama Mr. Weasley dari Kementrian, Perkins, sementara sepasang penyihir tua yang agak tuli jatuh ke tangan Harry. Page 189 Passive verb was left is translated into terpaksa. 15. ST : “You may have been gifted by the Gernumblies” Page 118 TT : Kau mungkin telah dianugerahi bakat oleh para Gernumbli” Page 192 Passive verb been gifted is translated into dianugerahi. 16. ST : “He was so devastated by her death – “ Page 129 TT : “Dia sangat terpukul oleh kematiannya – “ Page 210 Passive verb was devastated is translated into terpukul. 17. ST : “Ron Ron” Hermione called, half sobbing as she and Harry were buffeted by terrified guests. Page 134 Universitas Sumatera Utara TT : “Ron Ron” Hermione memanggil-manggil, setengah menangis ketika dia dan Harry diterjang tamu-tamu yang ketakutan. Page 219 Passive verb were buffeted is translated into diterjang. 18. ST : All he could feel was Hermione’s hand as he was squeezed through space and time, away from the Burrow. Page 134 TT : Yang bisa dirasakannya hanyalah tangan Hermione sementara dia seperti dijejalkan melewati jarak dan waktu, menjauhi The Burrow. Page 219 Passive verb was squeezed is translated into dijejalkan. 19. ST : “Maybe they’re only activated if he shows up?” suggested Ron. Page 141 TT : “Barangkali mantra-mantra itu berfungsi jika dia muncul?” saran Ron. Page 231 Passive verb are activated is translated into berfungsi. 20. ST : The wardrobe doors stood open and the bedclothes had been ripped back. Page 147 TT : Pintu lemari pakaiannya terbuka dan penutup tempat tidurnya juga telah disibakkan. Page 240 Passive verb been ripped is translated into disibakkan. 21. ST : “Every room I looked into on the way up had been disturbed.” Page 152 TT : “Semua ruangan yang kulongok dalam perjalanan ke atas sini sudah diobrak-abrik.” Page 248 Passive verb been disturbed is translated into diobrak-abrik. 22. ST : The drawers’ contents had been turned over. Page 155 Universitas Sumatera Utara TT : Isi lacinya sudah diaduk-aduk baru-baru ini. Page 253 Passive verb been turned is translated into diaduk-aduk. 23. ST : “Of course, nearly every witch and wizard in Britain has been educated at Hogwarts, but their parents had the right to teach them at home or send them abroad if they preferred.” Page 173 TT : “Tentu saja semua penyihir di Inggris bersekolah di Hogwarts, tetapi orangtua mereka punya hak untuk mengajari mereka di rumah atau mengirim mereka ke luar negeri jika mereka lebih suka begitu.” Page 281 Passive verb been educated is translated into bersekolah. 24. ST : Ron stared around the room as though he had been bidden to memorise it, while Hermione’s eyes swiveled backwards and forwards from Harry to Lupin. Page 175 TT : Ron memandang berkeliling ruangan seakan dia disuruh mengingatnya, sementara mata Hermione berpindah-pindah dari Harry ke Lupin. Page 284 Passive verb been bidden is translated into disuruh. 25. ST : Every surface now shone: copper pots and pans had been burnished to as rosy glow. Page 185 TT : Semua permukaan sekarang berkilau: panci-panci dan wajan tembaga telah digosok sampai mengilat merah jambu. Page 300 Passive verb been burnished is translated into digosok. Universitas Sumatera Utara 26. ST : She was being served coffee and hot rolls by Kreacher and wearing the slightly manic expression that Harry associated with exam revision. Page 194 TT : Dia sedang disuguhi kopi dan roti hangat oleh Kreacher dan ekspresi wajahnya agak keranjingan, yang diasosiasikan Harry dengan ekspresi belajar sebelum ujian. Page 315 Passive verb being served is translated into disuguhi. 27. ST : His long black hair and beard were streaked with silver, and a great overhanging forehead shadowed his glinting eyes, putting Harry in mind of a crab looking out from beneath a rock.” Page 203 TT : Rambut hitamnya yang panjang dan jenggotnya dihiasi uban, dan dahi nong-nong besar menaungi matanya yang berkilat, membuat Harry berpikir tentang kepiting yang mengintip dari bawah karang. Page 329 Passive verb were streaked is translated into dihiasi. 28. ST : Their priority now had to be to leave the Ministry before they were exposed, and try again another day. Page 209 TT : Prioritasnya sekarang adalah meninggalkan Kementrian sebelum mereka ketahuan, dan mencoba lagi di hari lain. Page 338 Passive verb were exposed is translated into ketahuan. 29. ST : “Arthur,” Harry interrupted, “you know you’re being tracked, don’t you?” Page 210 TT : “Arthur,” Harry menyela, “kau tahu kau dimata-matai, kan?” Page 341 Passive verb being tracked is translated into dimata-matai. Universitas Sumatera Utara 30. ST : The noises of the surrounding woods were muffled inside the tent. Page 232 TT : Suara-suara di hutan di sekeliling mereka hanya terdengar samar-samar di dalam tenda. Page 375 Passive verb were muffled is translated into terdengar samar-samar. 31. ST : Harry was visited by a desire to seize it and throttle him. Page 238 TT : Harry didera keinginan untuk menyambar kalung itu dan mencekik Ron. Page 385 Passive verb was visited is translated into didera. 32. ST : Hermione stole into a library and discovered from their records that the place had been demolished. Page 238 TT : Hermione menyelundup ke sebuah perpustakaan dan mengetahui dari catatan mereka bahwa tempat itu sudah dirobohkan bertahun-tahun sebelumnya. Page 386 Passive verb been demolished is translated into dirobohkan. 33. ST : He was staggered, now, to think of his own presumption in accepting his friends’ offer to accompany him in this mendearing, pointless journey. Page 257 TT : Dia terguncang, sekarang, memikirkan kelancangannya dalam menerima tawaran teman-temannya untuk menemaninya dalam perjalanan yang berliku-liku dan tanpa ujung ini. Page 416 Passive verb was staggered is translated into terguncang. Universitas Sumatera Utara 34. ST : Behind the church, row upon row of snowy tombstones protruded from a blanket of pale blue that was flecked with dazzling red, gold and green wherever the reflections from the stained glass hit the snow. Page 266 TT : Di belakang gereja, berderet-deret batu nisan bersalju mencuat dari selimut biru pucat yang dihiasi kilau merah, emas dan hijau, di tempat- tempat pantulan kaca mosaik menimpa salju. Page 431 Passive verb was flecked is translated into dihiasi. 35. ST : Her whole face was dotted with broken veins and liver spots. Page 274 TT : Seluruh wajahnya dihiasi urat-urat yang pecah dan bercak-bercak ketuaan. Page 445 Passive verb was dotted is translated into dihiasi. 36. ST : “What is it?” he asked as he reached the dressing table, which was heaped high with what looked and smelled like dirty laundry. Page 278 TT : “Apa ini?” dia bertanya ketika tiba di atas meja rias, dan melihat gundukan tinggi di atasnya, yang kelihatan dan berbau seperti pakaian kotor yang belum dicuci. Page 451 Passive verb was heaped is translated into gundukan. 37. ST : His senses had been spiked by the calamity of losing his wand. Page 286 TT : Seluruh perasaannya telah dibekukan oleh malapetaka besar kehilangan tongkatnya. Page 465 Passive verb been spiked is translated into dibekukan. 38. ST : “No,” he said, and his voice was cracked with lack of use. Page 298 Universitas Sumatera Utara TT : “Jangan,” kata Harry, dan suaranya parau karena jarang digunakan. Page 487 Passive verb was cracked is translated into parau. 39. ST : Though the darkness had swallowed her whole, her burnished image, was still imprinted on his retinas. Page 299 TT : Walaupun kegelapan telah menelannya seutuhnya, bayangannya yang berkilau masih terpatri di retina Harry. Page 488 Passive verb was imprinted is translated into terpatri. 40. ST : “Sorry,” said Ron, wrenching Harry back out of the brambles, “but the name’s been jinxed, Harry, that’s how they track people” Page 316 TT : “Sori,” kata Ron, menarik Harry keluar dari belukar, “tapi nama itu sudah disihir, Harry, begitulah caranya mereka melacak orang-orang” Page 517 Passive verb been jinxed is translated into disihir. 41. ST : He was angry that he had been cheated out of three new victims, for travellers usually drowned in the river. Page 330 TT : Dia marah telah kehilangan tiga korban baru, karena para pengelana biasanya tenggelam di sungai. Page 540 Passive verb been cheated is translated into kehilangan. 42. ST : “Whereas the wand would be bound to attract trouble –“ Page 337 TT : “Sedangkan tongkat sihir pastilah akan menimbulkan masalah – “ Page 549 Passive verb be bound is translated into pastilah. 43. ST : “We’ve never been spotted under it – “ Page 338 Universitas Sumatera Utara TT : “Kita belum pernah ketahuan waktu memakainya –“ Page 552 Passive verb been spotted is translated into ketahuan. 44. ST : “And now his house has been blown apart.” Page 344 TT : “Dan sekarang rumahnya hancur berantakan.” Page 561 Passive verb been blown is translated into hancur. 45. ST : “It is believed that Muggle-born Dean Thomas and a second goblin, both have been traveling with Tonks, Creswell and Gornuk, may have escaped.” Page 356 TT : “Diperkirakan kelahiran-Muggle Dean Thomas dan goblin kedua, keduanya berkelana bersama-sama Tonks, Cresswell, dan Gornuk, mungkin berhasil lolos.” Page 581 Passive verb is believed is translated into diperkirakan. 46. ST : “Many lives could be saved if such simple measures are taken.” Page 357 TT : “Banyak nyawa bisa diselamatkan jika tindakan sederhana semacam itu dilakukan.” Page 581 Passive verb are taken is translated into dilakukan. 47. ST : His eyes had been reduced to slits through which he could barely see. Page 362 TT : Matanya sudah menyipit tinggal jadi garis, dan dia nyaris tak bisa melihat. Page 591 Passive verb been reduced is translated into menyipit. 48. ST : And seconds later Harry’s glasses had been rammed back on to his face. Page 367 Universitas Sumatera Utara TT : Dan beberapa detik kemudian kacamata Harry telah dipasangkan dengan paksa di wajahnya. Page 598 Passive verb been rammed is translated into dipasangkan. 49. ST : “How do we get in? They’re locked, Greyback, I can’t – blimey” Page 369 TT : “Bagaimana kita masuk? Gerbangnya digembok, Greyback, aku tak bisa – astaga” Page 601 Passive verb are locked is translated into digembok. 50. ST : Just as Voldemort had not been able to possess Harry while Harry was consumed with grief for Sirius. Page 387 TT : Sama seperti Voldemort tidak mampu menguasai Harry ketika dia diliputi kesedihan kehilangan Sirius. Page 632 Passive verb was consumed is translated into diliputi. 51. ST : Luna, who was huddled in one of Fleur’s coats, crouched down and placed her fingers tenderly upon each of the elf’s eyelids, sliding them over his glassy stare. Page 388 TT : Luna, yang terbungkus salah satu mantel Fleur, berjongkok dan meletakkan jari-jarinya dengan lembut di atas masing-masing pelupuk si peri-rumah, mengusapnya agar menutupi matanya yang memandang hampa. Page 634 Passive verb was huddled is translated into terbungkus. 52. ST : The words were forced from him as pain shot through his lightning scar and he saw again, the outline of Hogwarts. Page 394 Universitas Sumatera Utara TT : Kata-kata itu meluncur begitu saja dari bibirnya ketika rasa sakit menghunjam bekas lukanya yang berbentuk sambaran kilat dan dia melihat, lagi, garis bentuk Hogwarts. Page 643 Passive verb were forced is translated into meluncur. 53. ST : Harry could tell that his distaste was shared by the other two. Page 412 TT : Harry bisa melihat ketidaksukaannya juga dirasakan kedua temannya. Page 673 Passive verb was shared is translated into dirasakan. 54. ST : “Dealings between wizards and goblins have been fraught for centuries – “ Page 417 TT : “Hubungan antara penyihir dan goblin sudah diwarnai muslihat selama berabad-abad. Page 682 Passive verb been fraught is translated into diwarnai muslihat. 55. ST : It was now packed inside the beaded bag. Page 420 TT : Tenda itu sekarang sudah tersimpan dalam tas manik-manik. Page 688 Passive verb was packed is translated into tersimpan. 56. ST : Several new establishments dedicated to the Dark Arts had been created since his last visit. Page 424 TT : Beberapa perusahan baru yang didekasikan pada Ilmu Hitam telah dibuka sejak kunjungan terakhirnya. Page 693 Passive verb been created is translated into dibuka. 57. ST : The sky, the smell of lake water, the sound of Ron’s voice were extinguished. Page 442 TT : Langit, bau danau, suara Ron menghilang. Page 724 Universitas Sumatera Utara Passive verb were extinguished is translated into menghilang. 58. ST : “Curfew’s been broken, you heard the noise,” one of his companions told the barman. Page 450 TT : “Jam malam telah dilanggar, kau dengar bunyinya,” salah satu temannya berkata pada si pelayan bar. Page 736 Passive verb been broken is translated into dilanggar. 59. ST : The ceiling was domed and painted with stars, which were echoed in the midnight-blue carpet. Page 473 TT : Langit-langitnya berbentuk kubah dan dilukisi bintang-bintang, yang juga bertebaran di karpet berwarna biru langit tengah malam. Page 774 Passive verb were echoed is translated into bertebaran. 60. ST : It was packed, far more crowded than when he had last been in there. Page 485 TT : Ruangan itu penuh sesak, jauh lebih penuh daripada ketika dia terakhir kali di sana tadi. Page 794 Passive verb was packed is translated into penuh sesak. 61. ST : He was pressed back against the wall as they ran past him. Page 486 TT : Harry terdorong ke dinding ketika mereka berlari melewatinya. Page 794 Passive verb was pressed is translated into terdorong. 62. ST : He was possessed of that cold, cruel, sense of purpose that preceded murder. Page 488 TT : Dia dikuasai tekad dingin dan keji yang mendahului pembunuhan. Page 799 Universitas Sumatera Utara Passive verb was possessed is translated into dikuasai. 63. ST : Slowly the four tables are emptied. Page 491 TT : Perlahan keempat meja mulai ditinggalkan. Page 803 Passive verb are emptied is translated into ditinggalkan. 64. ST : Voldemort feared that Harry already knew his Horcrux was connected to that house. Page 492 TT : Voldemort takut Harry sudah tahu Horcrux-nya disembunyikan di asrama itu. Page 806 Passive verb was connected is translated into disembunyikan. 65. ST : Their spells collided and the monster was blown backwards, its legs jerking horribly, and vanished into the darkness. Page 513 TT : Mantra mereka bertabrakan dan si monster terjungkal jatuh ke belakang, kaki-kakinya berkelejat mengerikan, dan menghilang dalam kegelapan. Page 841 Passive verb was blown is translated into terjungkal. 66. ST : At the same moment his ears were assaulted with the screeches and cries, the smashes and bangs of battle. Page 516 TT : Pada saat bersamaan telinganya diserbu pekikan dan jeritan, dentuman dan ledakan peperangan. Page 846 Passive verb were assaulted is translated into diserbu. 67. ST : Harry saw Peeves zooming over them, dropping Snargaluff pods down on to the Death Eaters, whose heads were suddenly engulfed in wriggling, green tubers like fat worms. Page 518 Universitas Sumatera Utara TT : Harry melihat mereka mendadak dikerumuni akar-akar umbi hijau, seperti cacing-cacing gemuk. Peeves meluncur di atas mereka, menjatuhkan potongan-potongan Snargaluff ke arah Pelahap Maut, sehingga kepala. Page 848 Passive verb were engulfed is translated into dikerumuni. 68. ST : “The killing Curse rebounded upon Lord Voldemort, and a fragment of Voldemort’s soul was blasted apart from the whole.” Page 550 TT : “Kutukan Maut memantul kepada Lord Voldemort, dan seserpih jiwa Voldemort tercabik dari keseluruhannya.” Page 904 Passive verb was blasted is translated into tercabik. 69. ST : “Or Hogwarts will be left to the mercy of the Carrows…” Page 552 TT : “Kalau tidak Hogwarts akan jatuh dalam belas kasihan kakak-beradik Carrow…” Page 906 Passive verb be left is translated into jatuh. 70. ST : The end would be clean, and the job that ought to have been done in Godric’s Hollow would be finished. Page 554 TT : Akhir segalanya akan mulus, dan pekerjaan yang seharusnya sudah dilakukan di Godric’s Hollow akan tuntas. Page 910 Passive verb be finished is translated into tuntas. 71. ST : He was distracted by the whimpering and thumping of the agonized creature behind them and glanced back at it yet again. Page 568 TT : Perhatiannya terpecah oleh rengekan dan gedebukan makhluk merana di belakang mereka dan sekali lagi dia menoleh memandangnya. Page 934 Passive verb was distracted is translated into terpecah. Universitas Sumatera Utara 72. ST : “By returning, you may ensure that fewer souls are maimed.” Page 578 TT : “Dengan kembali, kau bisa memutuskan bahwa lebih sedikit jiwa yang dicederai.” Page 952 Passive verb are maimed is translated into dicederai. 73. ST : Harry had been expecting it: knew his body would not be allowed to remain unsullied upon the Forest floor. Page 582 TT : Harry sudah menduganya: tahu tubuhnya tidak akan dibiarkan tetap tanpa cedera di atas tanah Hutan. Page 957 Passive verb be allowed is translated into dibiarkan. 74. ST : “Come out of the castle now, kneel before me, and you shall be spared.” Page 584 TT : “Keluarlah dari kastil, sekarang, berlututlah di depanku, dan kalian akan selamat.” Page 960 Passive verb be spared is translated into selamat. 75. ST : And that Kingley Shacklebolt had been named temporary Minister for Magic. Page 596 TT : Dan bahwa Kingsley Shacklebolt telah diangkat sebagai pejabat sementara Menteri Sihir. Page 982 Passive verb been named is translated into diangkat.

5.3.2 Dynamic Equivalence of Passive Verbs Without To Be.