B. Research Participants
This study involved two main groups of participants. The first group was involved in the pre-design survey, and the second was involved in the post-design
survey. The first group of the participants was twenty of 6th grade students of SD
Percobaan 3 Pakem . The second group of the participants involved two English
teacher of SD Percobaan 3, one lecturer of English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University, and two English instructors from other English
institution. They were involved in this study because they gave a great deal of contribution to the designed materials. Besides, they also have a lot of experience
in teaching speaking. The table below is the description of the research participants:
Number of
respondents Sex
Educational background
Teaching experience in years
English Teachers
F M
S1 S2
S3 1
– 5 6
– 10 10
English Lecturers
Table 2: Respondents of the Survey Structure
C. Research Instruments
Before designing the materials, the writer conducted needs analysis to get any information about the students. The instruments were used in Research and
information collecting to gather data about the students and in preliminary field testing to evaluate the designed materials. The instruments were explained as
follows: 1. Research and information collecting
In the first step the writer conducted needs survey to collect information about the students to obtain the information, the students used instrument as
follows: a. Questionnaire
The questionnaires were distributed to twenty of 6th grade students of SD Percobaan 3 Pakem
. The questionnaire was used to get information from the students about the student’s background knowledge, the materials they need, the
suitable technique, and the media to support the learning activities. There were two types of question in the questionnaire. They are open-ended questions and
close-ended questions. For open-ended questions, the respondents can freely answer the questions. In other word, the respondents can give their opinion,
suggestion freely based on their understanding. While in close-ended questions, the researcher provided some options, and the respondents were to choose one or
two of the answers.
b. Interview
The other instruments that the writer used to gather information about the students was interviewing the teachers. The writer needed to get further
information about the students. Besides, the interview was done to get additional information of the students and the problems that occur related to study of
speaking English in the club. The writer also interviewed the students in order to gather information about the topics that they wanted to learn.
2. Preliminary field testing The writer distributed questionnaires to English lecturer. Preliminary field
testing questionnaire was used to evaluate the designed materials whether the materials had fulfilled the student’s needs, whether the topics were suitable with
the real situation, whether the activities provided opportunities to practice the student’s ability to speak. The result of this questionnaire was very important to
improve the materials before it was really applied.
D. Data Gathering Technique
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