b. Interview
The other instruments that the writer used to gather information about the students was interviewing the teachers. The writer needed to get further
information about the students. Besides, the interview was done to get additional information of the students and the problems that occur related to study of
speaking English in the club. The writer also interviewed the students in order to gather information about the topics that they wanted to learn.
2. Preliminary field testing The writer distributed questionnaires to English lecturer. Preliminary field
testing questionnaire was used to evaluate the designed materials whether the materials had fulfilled the student’s needs, whether the topics were suitable with
the real situation, whether the activities provided opportunities to practice the student’s ability to speak. The result of this questionnaire was very important to
improve the materials before it was really applied.
D. Data Gathering Technique
In this first step the writer distributed questionnaires to the 6th grade students. This aimed to find out the students’ need. The questionnaire consisted of
some questions related to the situation that faced by the students. The result of the questionnaire would help the writer to consider the appropriate topic. Besides, the
writer would know the students’s background knowledge and students’s difficulties in learning English so later the writer could apply suitable teaching
learning activities.
The second step was conducting interview. The writer interviewed some students randomly to clarify their answer in the questionnaire. The writer also
interviewed the English Club teacher since the teacher knew better about the students.
The next step was preliminary field testing. This step aimed to evaluate the designed materials. In this step the writer distributed questionnaire to some
English lecturers in English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. The questionnaire was about the relevance between the materials and
the objectives. The questionnaires was also used to know whether the materials have fullfiled the students’ need.
E. Data Analysis Technique
Techniques used to calculate the data were explained in this section. The data obtained was presented and analyzed in the table of raw data. There are two ways in
analyzing the data obtained from the first questionnaire. The first step is to calculate the data to calculate the percentage of respondents’ opinions. The second way is
listing the respondents’ suggestions. The formulation to calculate the percentage was presented as follows:
:
∑
N N
X 100 = the percentage of the data obtained Note:
N : The number of students who choose certain answers.
∑
N : The total number of students.
The second questionnaire which was distributed in the post -design were analyzed and presented in the statistical description. Descriptive statistics are used to
characterize or describe a set of numbers in terms of central tendency and to show how the numbers disperse, or vary, around the center. In order to calculate the data,
the designer uses central tendency measurement mean, median, modus.Mean Mn is the average off all points in a distribution. Median Mdn is the midpoint in a
distribution. Mode Md is the most frequent point in a distribution. The formulation to find out the mean is presented as follows:
Mn = N
X
∑
Mn =
Mean
∑
= Sum of X
= Values
N = Number of values
In the descriptive statistic, the data was analyzed through the following table:
No Respondents’ Opinion
Frequency of Occurance Central
Tendency 1 2
3 4
5 N Mn Table 3:
Descriptive Statistics of the Respondents’ Opinion Abbreviations:
N = Number of respondents
Mn = Mean
F. Research Procedure
