Theory of Psychological Approach

a Self-esteem includes desire for confidence, competence mastery, adequacy, achievement, independence and freedom. b Self respect includes prestige, recognition, acceptance, attention, status, reputation and appreciation from other people. Maslow says that “…when self-esteem is inadequate, the individual has feeling of inferiority and helplessness, which may result in discouragement and possible neurotic behavior” p.42. 5 Self-Actualization Needs Self- actualization needs is “the identification of the psychological need for growth, development, and utilization of potential…the desire to become more and more what one is, to beco me everything that one is capable of becoming” p.42. 6 The Desire to Know and Understand According to Maslow, curiosity is a characteristic of mutual health. The process of curiosity has ben phrased by some as the search of meaning, that is to undestand, to systemize, to analyze, to look for the relation and meanings, to construct a system of values p.43. 7 Aesthetic Needs Maslows says that the need of human beings for beauty is very deep, and ugliness makes them sick p.44. By understanding the theory of needs, the writer can examine what the main character trully needs in her life, and how the needs motivate her to do particular action.

5. Theory of Gender Role

In an article titled Gender Terminology, USAID 2007 gives an explanation on what gender role is: “Communities and societies create social norms of behavior, values, and attitudes that are deemed appropriate for men and women and the relations between them. These roles are assigned by social criteria rather than biological. For example, childbearing is a female sex role because men cannot bear children. Although both men and women can rear children, these duties are socially assigned.” source: http:www.usaid.gov From the definition above, it can be concluded that the function of gender role is to assign what roles both men and women should have in social life. Gender of men and women are different from one another. Men have roles to finance and give protection to the family, while women have to bear children and take care of the family and households. It is an obligation for men and women to fulfill their roles in family life and in society. Robert Brannon, as cited by Linda Brannon 1996, also gives an explanation on gender role. He says that gender role looks like a script that men and women follow to meet their appropriate parts in acting mascculine or feminine. He depicts