for not giving her permission to bring Seriozha with her, she is still able to see Karenin from his good sides, and to tell her son that he must love him.
B. The Motivations of Anna Karenin for Breaking Her Expected Gender Roles
In order to answer the second problem which deals with Anna Karenin‟s motivation to break her gender roles, the writer applies a theory of motivation.
Huffman and Vernoy 2000 state that motivation consists of interests, needs and desires which encourage behavior toward goals para. 1. In addition, Adair 2006
says that motivation embodies the reasons of individuals to act negatively or positively p.89. In this part, this study discusses the interests, needs, and desires
which underlie Anna Karenin to do positive or negative actions. To make it more specific, this study also applies a theory of motivation from
Ryan and Deci 2000. By using this theory, the writer can divide the analysis of Anna Karenin‟s motivations to break her gender roles into two parts. The first part
focuses on the intrinsic motivation and the second deals with the extrinsic motivation.
1. The Intrinsic Motivation of Anna Karenin for Breaking Her Gender Roles
Ryan and Deci 2000 state that intrinsic motivation is “the doing of an activity for its inherent satisfactions rather than for some separable consequence. If a
person intrinsically motivated, he or she will be encouraged to act for fun or challenge entailed” p.56. From this definition, the writer can conclude that intrinsic
motivation is a motivation which comes within an individual to get satisfaction in life.
In this study, there are two internal factors which influence Anna to break her expected gender roles as a noble Russian woman. The first is her desire to experience
the feeling of love and the second is her desire to break a conservative mind of Russian society towards women and marriage.
a. Anna Karenin Wants to Experience the Feeling of Love
According to Maslow as cited by Goble 1971, needs for love, affection and belongingness emerge after the psychological and belongingness emerge p.40. He
says that “love is a healthy, affectionate relationship between two people which include mutual trust” p.41.
Although Anna has been married with Karenin for eight years, Anna does not feel the existence of a healthy and affectionate relationship with her husband. It is
because their marriage is u nder the arrangement of Anna‟s aunt,
Anna‟s aunt, however, managed to insinuate, through a common acquaintance, that he had already compromised the girl and was in honour
bound to make her an offer. He made the offer, and bestowed on his betrothed and wife all the feeling of which he was capable p.535.
From the quotation above, the writer can see that Karenin has been forced by Anna‟s aunt to marry Anna without asking for agreement from both of them and also without
considering the feeling existed between one another.
