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4. Cooperative Language Learning
In order to get clear understanding on Cooperative Language Learning CLL, here are the description of the theory in general,
principles, and techniques of it.
a. The theory of Cooperative Learning
1 The definition of Cooperative Learning
There are many book sources defining CL in a different way. According to Johnson Johnson 1998, Cooperative Learning is
the instructional use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning.
2 The basic theory of Cooperative Learning
Cooperation is working together to accomplish shared goals. Cooperative learning is now on of the most promising practices in
the field of education. Many research show that Cooperative Learning results in a higher achievement and greater
productivity, b more caring, supportive, and committed relationships, and c greater psychological health, social,
competences, and self-esteem Johnson Johnson, 1986 The point of that cooperative learning involves more than just
asking students to work together in group. Instead, conscious thought goes to help students make the experience as successful
possible. Then, in the process, they encourage and support each
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teammates’ learning. Johnson Johnson 1986 also said that CL is a student
centered approach that believes that active learning is more effective that passive one in which the teacher becomes a facilitator
rather than an instructor. Through CL, students have to change ideas, make plans and propose solution to accomplish a
collaborative goal. Therefore, it can enhance students’ social and personal development.
b. Cooperative Learning in Second Language Learning
In second language learning, CL, where it is often referred to as Cooperative Language Learning CLL, has been embraced as
a way of promoting communicative interaction in the classroom. In language teaching, its goals are:
1 to provide opportunities for naturalistic second language
acquisition through the use of interactive pair and group activities,
2 to provide opportunities for learners to develop successful
learning and communication strategies, and 3
to enhance learners’ motivation and reduce learners’ stress and to create a positive affective classroom climate.
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c. The Cooperative Learning Principles