45 skills. So, this assessment was used by the researcher and the English
teacher right after the students finished and submitted their writing. The researcher and the English teacher had varied final writing results
in those three components.
2. Field Notes
Observation is a basis of action research. It enables a researcher to document and reflect systematically upon classroom interactions and
events. Observational note-making of various kinds is a flexible tool for classroom action research data collection, although it requires additional
time during or after teaching. Field notes generally include reports of non- verbal information, physical settings, group structures, and records of
interaction between participants. During the activity, the researcher observed the class and might write
down the problems occurred in the process. Patton 1990 states that observation enables researchers to be open-ended and inductive, to
discover things that participants might not freely talk about in the writing and oral form, and even to see things that might otherwise be
unconsciously missed. In this research, observation covered two purposes, which were to
solve students’ problems during the activities, such as in sentencing, in the difficult words, etc., and to see the effectiveness of the class procedure.
In the other hand, this observation sheet also might see the students’ interest in writing. From the observation, the researcher could see what
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
46 they felt about the material and the class activities. The indicators of it
could be seen from their spontaneous responses, gestures, mimics, and movements.
3. Questionnaire
The third instrument was questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed before and after the researcher conducted the research. The
questionnaire covered questions in the purpose of figuring out the students’ interest and motivation in writing and finding out the students’
responses of the new teaching materials and methods. Mainly there are two forms of question included in a questionnaire,
which are open-ended and closed-ended questionnaire. In this research, the questionnaire was in a form of closed-ended questions since the
participants were elementary school students who should have guidance in answering the questions. It might differ from open-ended question in
which the students might express and write freely their own opinions. Open questions, on the other hand, enable participants to write a free
response in their own terms, to explain and qualify their responses and avoid the limitation of pre-set categories of response Louis Kohen et al,
2000, p.248. The questionnaires are showed in Appendices.
4. Interview
