Social Situation Factors that Affect Angelina Jolie Speech Style

73 there are fifty three utterances by Angelina Jolie that are considered as men ‟s speech, with direct and assertive as the most used feature see Table 4.. The second problem in this research is „What are the factors that affect Angelina Jolie‟s speech style in Mr. and Mrs. Smith Movie?‟ There are two factors that affect Angelina Jolie‟s speech style, namely power relation and social situation. There are three categories of power relation, namely high power relation of the speaker High -Low, low power relation of the speaker Low – High, and same or equal relation of the speaker. The three categories are determined by some factors, such as age, gender, and position at work. In this research, the power relation that mostly used by the character is same power relation of the speaker see Appendix C. The social situation is the external factors that affect the way people talk. There are three defining features that affect the way people talked, namely place, role relation, and topic. The defining characteristic that affects Angelina Jolie‟s utterances is topic see Appendix D. From the result of the analysis of the data, the researcher concludes that Mr. and Mrs. Smith the movie can be a useful teaching material related to sociolinguistics. The students can learn about kind of speech style, the factors that affect someone speech style and issues related to gender and language. By analyzing the characters‟ utterances, the learner can learn many things related to sociolinguistics issues and psychological literature about gender and language. 74

B. Recommendations

The researcher recommends that the future researchers to conduct similar research regarding gender and language. Mr. and Mrs. Smith movie is an interesting movie about marriage and job. The characters in the movie were interesting to be studied. Jane is a wife who works as an assassin and acts like a man rather than a woman. Her husband, John, was also an assassin, but compare to Jane, John is the inferior one in their house. The theory about gender and language is also an interesting topic to be studied. There are some theories that can be used to analyze Jane Smith‟s utterances such as women language Lakoff, 1975. The future researchers can also study about the factors that affect the characters ‟ speech style in the movie. The English education students and teachers should realize and should aware that movie can be a good media to teach some topics, such as sociolinguistics. The researcher also recommends that the English education students can make the research that used some movies as the media in learning English because through the movie, the students can enjoy learning English. 75 REFERENCES Abrams, M. H. 1985. A glossary of literary terms 6 th ed.. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Javanovich College Publish. Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., Razavieh, A. 2002. Introduction to research in education 6 th ed.. Belmont: Wadsworth Thomson Learning. Auer, J. C. Peter. 1986. Kontextualisierung. Studium Linguistik, 19,22- 47 Bell, A. 1984. Language style as audience designs. Language Section, 132, 145-204. Berelson, B. 1952. Content analysis in communication research. New York: Free Press. Coates, J. 1996. Women talk, conversation between women friends. Oxford: Blackwell. Coates, J. 1997a. One-at-a-time: T he organisation of men‟s talk. In Sally Johnson and Ulrike Hanna Meinhof Ed., Language and Masculinity,107- 129 Coates, J. 1997b. Women, men and language: A sociolinguistic account of gender differences in language . New York: Addison Wesley Longman Limited. Coates, J. 1998. Language and gender: A reader. Oxford: Blackwell. Fishman, P. 1983, Interaction: The work women do. In Barrie Thorne, Cheris Kramarae and Nancy Henley Ed., Language, gender and society pp. 89- 101. Cambridge: MA: Newbury House. Haas, A. 1979. Male and female spoken language differences: Stereotypes and evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 616-626. Holmes, J., Meyerhoff, M. 2003. The handbook of language and gender. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Lakoff, R. 1973. Language and women‟s place. Language in society, 2, 45-80. Larner, L. R. 2009. The role of feminine rhetoric in male presidential discourse: Achieving speech purpose. Retrieved September 15, 2014, from http:repository.upenn.educurej102 76 Lincoln, Y.S., Guba, E.G. 1985. Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park: Sage Publication. Maltz, D. N., Borker, R. A. 1982. A cultural approach to male female miscommunication. In John J. Gumperz ed. Language and Social Identity. 196 – 216. Ning, H., Xue, D. 2010. On gender differences in English language and its causes. Asian Social Science, 6, 126-140. Parlee, M. B. 1979. Conversational politics. Psychology Today, 48-56. Poggenpoel, M., Myburgh, C. 2003. The researcher as research instrument in educational research: A possible threat to trustworthiness? Education, 124, 418 –421. Ripley, T., Uwe, F. 2007. Doing conversation discourse and document analysis. Trowbridge: Cromwell Press. Schmidt, N. 2002. An introduction to applied linguistics. London: Arnold. Stets, J. E., Burke, P. J. 1996. Gender, control, and interaction. Social Psychology Quarterly, 59, 193-220. Spolsky, B. 1998. Sociolinguistics. Oxford. Oxford University Press. Tannen, D. 1994. Talking from nine to five: How women’s and men’s conversational styles affect who gets heard and what gets done at work. New York: Morrow. Thomson. 2004. Language and gender: Do men and women speak differently?. Retrieved September 5, 2014, from http:facweb.northseattle.edujreis cmn145gender_and_communication.html Tue, D.T.N. 2013. Understanding the relationship between language and gender. Retrieved October 13, 2014, from http:gas.hoasen.edu.vnengas- pageunderstanding-relationship-between-language-and-gender Verderber, K.S. 1995. Voice: A selection of multicultural readings. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. Wardhaugh, R. 2010. An introduction to sociolinguistics 6 th ed.. West Susex. Wiley-Blackwell. White, C. T. 1998. On the pragmatic of an androgynous style of speaking: From a transsexual perspective. World Englishness, 17, 215 -223.