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4.1.1 Types of Code Switching
This section is classified into several sub topics, i.e. inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, tag switching, and situational switching.
4.1.1.1 Inter-sentential Switching
The first type of switching is inter-sentential switching. The kind of code switching occurs when a sentence in certain language occurs between sentences in
a base language Wardaugh, 2006:101. In this research, 46 data are identified as inter-sentential switching. The teacher switched her code from English to
Indonesian vice versa. The detail explanation of inter-sentential switching elaborated below:
1 English to Indonesian
The teacher did inter-sentential switching 36 times. The teacher switched from English to Indonesian. The examples of inter-sentential switching were taken from
XKWU. Example 4.1
Ok this is
your job. You
just make
five question
Ok this is
your job. You
just make
five question
Just the question
without the answer each group
Just the question
without the answer each group
Is going to make five questions in twenty minutes
Is going to make five questions in
twenty Minutes Dua puluh
menit cukup
ohya itu
Tawaranku Twenty
minutes enough Oh yeah that My offer
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Ok this is your job. You just make five questions, just the questions without the answer. Each group is going to make five questions in twenty
minutes. Twenty minutes is enough. oh yeah, that is my offer.
The data from tenth grade: X KWU The above data showed that the teacher used two languages in her
switching, English and Indonesian. English is written in bold, and Indonesian is written in italics. The teacher used English as primary language, and used
Indonesian as the secondary language. The utterance above included in inter- sentential switching because the speaker switch her code between sentences. The
teacher used English when she gave instructions for the students to finish the assignment. By switching her code from English to Indonesia, the teacher wanted
to emphasize her order. Example 4.2
Ok this is
your homework for each group
You
Ok this is
your homework for
each group You
have to find out
one descriptive text and
for All
have to find out
one descriptive text
and for
All
group you have to find out
different Title from first
group you have to
find out different Title
from first
second and the third
try to find out
different title
second and the third
try to find out
different title boleh
di dalam Negeri
boleh di luar
negeri May
inside Country May
outside country
Ok this is your homework. For each group you have to find out one descriptive text and for all group you have to find different title. From first
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second and the third try to find out different title. You may choose inside the country, you may choose outside the country
The data from tenth grade: X KWU
In the data above, the teacher did code switching in form of inter-sentential switching. English and Indonesian are the codes used by the teacher. English is
written in bold, and Indonesian is written in italics. The data above is categorized as inter-sentential switching because a sentence in Indonesian is uttered after the
sentences in English. The switching was done by the teacher from English to Indonesian. The teacher produced the utterance in the end of class activity. In the
end of the utter ance, the teacher said “Boleh di dalam negeri, boleh di luar negeri”
to give additional information about the students‟ homework.
2 Indonesian to English
The teacher did inter-sentential switching from English to Indonesia 11 times. The examples of inter-sentential switching were taken from X Pm 1 and PM 2.
Example 4.3 Udah
kamu kasihkan Ke Temenmu Ayo
diskusikan Finish You
give To You friend
Come on
Dicuss
Lagi Guys
kalau Udah membuat Pertanyaan give your
Again gguys if Finish make
Question give your
question to Other group
question to Other group
Have you given to your friends Let‟s discuss again, guys if you have made question. Give your questions to other group
The data from tenth grade: X PM2
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The data above is produced in the beginning of the class activity. The teacher used two codes in her utterance; English and Indonesian. The teacher
switched from Indonesian to English. Code switching above is categorized as inter-sentential switching since the teacher speaks a sentence in English after
some Indonesian sentences. The foreign language occurs between sentences. In the data above, Indonesian is matrix language and English is embedded language.
It means that the teacher uses Indonesian as the frame of her utterance and English is used as the secondary language. The teacher switched her code by saying, “give
your question to other group” to give order. The teacher instructed each group discussion who had finished their assignment, to give the answer sheet to other
group. Example 4.4
Ok Guys
jangan pindah dulu jangan pindah dulu
Ok Guys
Don‟t Move first Don‟t Move first
iya perhatikan Ke sini
What is It About in
yes Pay attention This
What is It About in
Your text?
Your text? Ok guys
don‟t move first, wait a moment Don‟t move Yes, pay attention to me What is it about in your text?
The data from tenth grade: X PM1 The data above showed that the teacher used two languages, English and
Indonesian. English is written in bold, and Indonesian is written in italics. The teacher switched her code from Indonesian to English. Inter-sentential switching
is the categorization of the switching done by the teacher because the teacher
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utters one sentence in Indonesian and it is followed by one sentence in English. The switching occurs after a sentence from different language. The teacher said,
“ok guys jangan pindah dulu, sebentar dulu jangan pindah dulu, iya perhatikan ke sini” to get the students attention. When most students had paid attention, the
teacher switched her code to English to discuss the assignment.
4.1.1.2 Intra-sentential Switching