Inter-sentential Switching Types of Code Switching

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4.1.1 Types of Code Switching

This section is classified into several sub topics, i.e. inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, tag switching, and situational switching.

4.1.1.1 Inter-sentential Switching

The first type of switching is inter-sentential switching. The kind of code switching occurs when a sentence in certain language occurs between sentences in a base language Wardaugh, 2006:101. In this research, 46 data are identified as inter-sentential switching. The teacher switched her code from English to Indonesian vice versa. The detail explanation of inter-sentential switching elaborated below: 1 English to Indonesian The teacher did inter-sentential switching 36 times. The teacher switched from English to Indonesian. The examples of inter-sentential switching were taken from XKWU. Example 4.1 Ok this is your job. You just make five question Ok this is your job. You just make five question Just the question without the answer each group Just the question without the answer each group Is going to make five questions in twenty minutes Is going to make five questions in twenty Minutes Dua puluh menit cukup ohya itu Tawaranku Twenty minutes enough Oh yeah that My offer 44 Ok this is your job. You just make five questions, just the questions without the answer. Each group is going to make five questions in twenty minutes. Twenty minutes is enough. oh yeah, that is my offer. The data from tenth grade: X KWU The above data showed that the teacher used two languages in her switching, English and Indonesian. English is written in bold, and Indonesian is written in italics. The teacher used English as primary language, and used Indonesian as the secondary language. The utterance above included in inter- sentential switching because the speaker switch her code between sentences. The teacher used English when she gave instructions for the students to finish the assignment. By switching her code from English to Indonesia, the teacher wanted to emphasize her order. Example 4.2 Ok this is your homework for each group You Ok this is your homework for each group You have to find out one descriptive text and for All have to find out one descriptive text and for All group you have to find out different Title from first group you have to find out different Title from first second and the third try to find out different title second and the third try to find out different title boleh di dalam Negeri boleh di luar negeri May inside Country May outside country Ok this is your homework. For each group you have to find out one descriptive text and for all group you have to find different title. From first 45 second and the third try to find out different title. You may choose inside the country, you may choose outside the country The data from tenth grade: X KWU In the data above, the teacher did code switching in form of inter-sentential switching. English and Indonesian are the codes used by the teacher. English is written in bold, and Indonesian is written in italics. The data above is categorized as inter-sentential switching because a sentence in Indonesian is uttered after the sentences in English. The switching was done by the teacher from English to Indonesian. The teacher produced the utterance in the end of class activity. In the end of the utter ance, the teacher said “Boleh di dalam negeri, boleh di luar negeri” to give additional information about the students‟ homework. 2 Indonesian to English The teacher did inter-sentential switching from English to Indonesia 11 times. The examples of inter-sentential switching were taken from X Pm 1 and PM 2. Example 4.3 Udah kamu kasihkan Ke Temenmu Ayo diskusikan Finish You give To You friend Come on Dicuss Lagi Guys kalau Udah membuat Pertanyaan give your Again gguys if Finish make Question give your question to Other group question to Other group Have you given to your friends Let‟s discuss again, guys if you have made question. Give your questions to other group The data from tenth grade: X PM2 46 The data above is produced in the beginning of the class activity. The teacher used two codes in her utterance; English and Indonesian. The teacher switched from Indonesian to English. Code switching above is categorized as inter-sentential switching since the teacher speaks a sentence in English after some Indonesian sentences. The foreign language occurs between sentences. In the data above, Indonesian is matrix language and English is embedded language. It means that the teacher uses Indonesian as the frame of her utterance and English is used as the secondary language. The teacher switched her code by saying, “give your question to other group” to give order. The teacher instructed each group discussion who had finished their assignment, to give the answer sheet to other group. Example 4.4 Ok Guys jangan pindah dulu jangan pindah dulu Ok Guys Don‟t Move first Don‟t Move first iya perhatikan Ke sini What is It About in yes Pay attention This What is It About in Your text? Your text? Ok guys don‟t move first, wait a moment Don‟t move Yes, pay attention to me What is it about in your text? The data from tenth grade: X PM1 The data above showed that the teacher used two languages, English and Indonesian. English is written in bold, and Indonesian is written in italics. The teacher switched her code from Indonesian to English. Inter-sentential switching is the categorization of the switching done by the teacher because the teacher 47 utters one sentence in Indonesian and it is followed by one sentence in English. The switching occurs after a sentence from different language. The teacher said, “ok guys jangan pindah dulu, sebentar dulu jangan pindah dulu, iya perhatikan ke sini” to get the students attention. When most students had paid attention, the teacher switched her code to English to discuss the assignment.

4.1.1.2 Intra-sentential Switching