In this chapter, the writer will explain some theories that still relate to the topic. First, the writer explains the definition of writing itself.
Second, it is about the kinds of writing consisting of free writing, controlled writing, and guided writing. The last chapter, she discusses the
role of writing in learning language.
1. The Meaning of Writing
In this chapter the writer quotes some definitions of writing. According to
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary writing is “to make letters or other symbols ideographs on a surface
”.
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Based on the definition above writing is an activity to make or to arrange written or printed words, letters or symbols which have
meaning. National council of teachers of English commission stated that
writing is “An important medium for self-expression, for communication, and for the discovery of meaning. Its need increased
rather than decreased by the development of new media for mass communication
”.
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Murcia also stated in her book that writing is “The ability to express one‟s ideas in written form in a second or foreign language”.
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Lindeman proposed the definition of writing as a process of communication which uses a conventional graphic system to convey a
message to a reader.
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in addition writing can also be defined as the process of recording spoken language using a system of visual marks
on a surface. The concept includes the particular medium expression
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As Hornby, Oxford Adv anced Learner’s Dictionary of current English, Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1984 p. 362
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National Council of Teachers of English Commission on Composition. “Composition:
A position statement”, elementary English s2 February 1975 p. 194 by Walter T Petty and Julie M. Jensen, in developing children‟s language.
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Marianne Celce Murcia, Teaching English as a second foreign language, Boston Massachusetts p.233
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Erika Lindeman, a Rhetoric for Writing Teachers, Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1982, p. 11
Usually hand writing or typing and the product which emerges the piece of writing or composition.
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Writing skill is one of four language skills that someone will get in language learning and it is the most difficult one. As the last skill
gained, this skill is considered as one of productive skills because writer, in writing activity, expresses herhis ideas for reader.
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Sara added, “even though is the fourth skill, writing has also become more
important as tenets of communicative language teaching and also as an essential too for learning
”.
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2. The Kinds of Writing