B. Data Analysis
The writer analyzed that most of the students made errors on using simple past tense. They made this error because they did not care the form
simple past tense, they are still using the V1 for the simple past form, they did not change V1 into the V2 as the form of simple past tense. That’s why
most of the students made many errors in English free writing especially on using simple past tense. In this error, most students exactly made errors
on Selection. Selection means that the students did not write the verbs, phonemes, structures, or vocabularies item well. The example of student’s
error is “my last holiday go to Bali”. This sentence is wrong. It should be “last holiday I went to Bali”. The error happens because of Intra-Lingual
Transfer. Besides, many students made errors on Omission. Omission means that students did not write sentence well. They often leave out the
third person singular morpheme-s, the plural marker-s, and the past tense inflection-
ed. The example of student’s error is “we speaking together”. This sentence is wrong. It should be “we are speaking together”. They
leave out “to be” in the sentence. Most students made these errors in
Present or Past Continuous Tense. These errors happen because of Inter- Lingual transfer.
Second, many students made errors on Simple Present Tense. They made this error because they did not really understand yet how to use the
form of simple present tense correctly. They add “to” before the verb. It
means most of the students made errors on addition. Addition means that students not only commit elements which they regard as redundant but
they also add redundant element. The example of the student ’s error is “I
am go to Ancol”. This sentence is wrong. It should be “I go to Ancol”. Another example is “I to help my uncle”. This sentence should be “I help
my uncle”. This case could happen because they took the words from
dictionary without select it first; they just move the verb from dictionary into their books. And also it happens because of Intra-Lingual Transfer.
Furthermore, most students were frequently made errors on using simple future tense. The example of this error is “I will played with my
friends”. This sentence is absolutely wrong. It should be followed the first
verb V1 as the correct form of Simple Future Tense. The reason why they made this error is because they did not know
the form of Simple Future Tense systematically. They ignore the use of this tense correctly.
To sum up, the errors which students made are errors on using Simple Past Tense, Simple Present Tense, Simple Future Tense, Present
Continuous Tense, and Past Continuous Tense in English writing test. And the error types that they have made are Selection, Addition, and Omission.
The reasons why they made these errors are because of their lack of knowledge on the use of tenses.
C.
Data Interpretation
From the data mentioned above, we can see that there are 5 kinds of tenses errors made by the students. They are: Simple Present Tense,
Present Continuous Tense, Simple Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense, and Simple Future Tense.
The following table describes the problems area along with the frequency of error, arranged from the highest to the lowest.
Table 4.6 Data Interpretation
No Kinds of Tenses
Frequency of Error
Percentage of Error
1 Simple Past Tense
61 67.7
2 Simple Present Tense
18 20
3
Simple Future 7
7.7 4
Past Continuous Tense 2
2.2 5
Present Continuous Tense 2
2.2
There were 33 students and 61 errors committed in simple past tense area with 67.7 as the highest frequency of error. Most of them
didn’t care the certain time that must to be used in simple past form. For example: “One day, I go to garden park”. It indicates the time in simple
past form was not used by the students. There were 13 students and 18 errors committed in Present Tense
area with 20 as the second rate. They made an errors in adding the first verb as the form by “to be”, “Verb-ing”, and “to”. For example “I to help
my uncle”, “I’m take a picture”, and “I’m coming”. The writer assumes that the students didn’t really understand yet how to use the simple present
tense correctly. Third, there were 5 students and 7 errors committed in simple
future tense area with 7.7 . Most of them combine the form “Will” with “to” and “V1-ing” in the sentences. It shows the students generally made
errors in adding the first verb with “ing”.
Fourth, there were 2 students and 2 errors committed in present continuous tense area with 2.2 . Most of them make an
omission “ing” in using the present continuous tense form. For example: “I’m and my
brother go to Bandung”. It means the students didn’t really understand yet
as well. Fifth, there were 2 students and 2 errors committed in past
continuous tense area with 2.2 . Most of them make an omission the “Verb-ing” in using the past continuous tense form. It means the students
didn’t use the past continuous tense form correctly.
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusion
From the previous data, the writer concluded that the commonest error on the use of tenses which most students made is using Simple Past
Tense. Its frequency is 61 errors. Those are caused by difficulty in putting the right verbs. Then, the error on Simple Present Tense is 18 errors. It is
followed by errors of add proposition “to” caused by ignorance of rule restriction. The third error is simple Future. Its frequency is 7 errors. It is
followed by errors of add “to be”, proposition “to”, and “V-ing” caused by
the less of student‟s understanding in using Simple Future tense. Then, the error on using Present Continuous Tense and Past Continuous Tense is 2
errors. It is followed by the student‟s carelessness.
The reasons why they made many errors in English free writing focused on the use of tenses are because of Intra-Lingual Transfer and
Inter-Lingual Transfer.
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