Usually hand writing or typing and the product which emerges the piece of writing or composition.
50
Writing skill is one of four language skills that someone will get in language learning and it is the most difficult one. As the last skill
gained, this skill is considered as one of productive skills because writer, in writing activity, expresses herhis ideas for reader.
51
Sara added, “even though is the fourth skill, writing has also become more
important as tenets of communicative language teaching and also as an essential too for learning
”.
52
2. The Kinds of Writing
a. Free Writing
Free writing is a technique for finding the ideas in your head that you do not even know are there.
53
It means writing whatever comes to mind without worrying about whether the ideas are good
or grammar is correct. The technique of free writing is very simple. The students just pick up a pen and start writing, and do not
develop their ideas or get stuck, they just repeat what they have just written.
b. Controlled Writing
Controlled writing is the opposite of free writing . controlled writing is all the writing for which a great deal of the content
andor form is supplied. In using this kind of writing to teaching writing. The students are focused to get words down on paper and
in concentrating on one or two problems at a time; they are thus spared from tackling the full range of complexity that free writing
50
David Crystal, an Encyclopedia of Language and Language. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1993, p. 421
51
Joni Alfino, Helping students to develop a paragraph by using information questions technique, paper abstract for 55
th
TEFLIN International Conference, Jakarta: UIN, December 4- 6
th
, 2007, p. 27
52
Sara Curshing Weidge, Assesing Writing, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 3
53
Dorothy Sedley, College Writer’s Workbook Ohio: Bell and Howell Company, 1981
p.2
entails controlled writing focuses the students attention on specific features of the written language. It is good method of reinforsing
grammar, vocabulary, and syntax in context.
54
c.
Guided Writing
Guided writing is an extension of controlled writing; it is less controlled than controlled writing. In using this kind of writing to
teaching writing, students are given a first sentence, a last sentence, an outline to fill out, a series of questions to respond to, or
information to include in their piece of writing. Students should be able to discuss, make notes, share findings, and plan strategies
together before they begin to write.
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In guided writing, the students will not make serious errors if they follow the instruction,
which are given by their teachers as stated by Lois Robinson in his book, “guided or controlled writing is writing in which one cannot
make a serious error so long as he follows direction.
56
54
Lois Robinson, Guided Writing and Free writing, New York: Harper and Row, 1967 p.22
55
Ann Raimes., Technique in Teaching Writing, London: Oxford American English, 1983 p.103
56
Lois Robinson, Guided Writing and Free writing ... p.2
44
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Method of Research
The method used in this study can be categorized into descriptive analysis. This descriptive analysis is concerned with a quantitative
analysis. Quantitative is used in analyzing the data of the s tudents‟ English
writing, by counting the total of each of error classification to know the highest frequency of the students‟ error.
In this case, the writer used survey research which is collecting all of the data at the same time, then analyzing them by identifying the errors,
describing and classifying the errors.
1
Based on the limitation that the writer stated in the first chapter, and then the error classifications that used
in this research are omission, addition, selection and misordering.
B. Place and Time of Research
The research was conducted at “MAN CIKARANG” Bekasi. It was
done in March 2010. The writer took the question sheets a nd the students‟
answer sheets as the instrument of its research.
C. Technique of Sample Taking
The writer took the sample form the eleventh grade students of “MAN CIKARANG” Bekasi. There are three classes of the students which
are divided into two specifications; the science class IPA and the social
1
Prof. Dr. Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian, suatu pendekatan praktik, Jakarta: PT Asdi Mahasatya, 2006, p. 108
