book, “guided or controlled writing is writing in which one cannot make a serious error so long as he follows direction.
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3.
The Forms of Writing
Forms of writing are required for different purposes, in general, writing can be devided into seven forms narration,
description, exposition, recount, report, news item, and anecdote.
a. Narration
Narration or story telling is writing about a ssuccession of events. The simplest kind of narration follows chronological
order.
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Its purpose is to make the audience think about an issue, tech them a lesson, or excite their emotion.
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Narration Paragraph SANGKURIANG
Once, there was a kingdom in Priangan Land. Lived a happy family. They were a father in form of dog,his name is
Tumang, a mother which was called is Dayang Sumbi, and a child which was called Sangkuriang. One day, Dayang Sumbi
asked her son to go hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all day, Sangkuriang began desperate and worried
because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot his own dog. Then he took the dog liver and carried home.
Soon Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but Tumangs, his own dog. So, She was very angry and hit
Sangkuriangs head. In that incident, Sangkuriang got wounded and scar then cast away from their home.
Years go bye, Sangkuriang had travel many places and finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful woman and felt
in love with her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked at the wound in Sangkuriangs head.
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Mark Andrean, and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English,Australia: Macmilan Education Australia, 1998 , p. 3
It matched to her sons wound who had left severall years earlier. Soon she realized that she felt in love with her own son.
She couldnt marry him but how to say it. Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for celebrating their
wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night. He built a lake. With a dawn just moment away and the boat was
almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to stop it. Then, she lit up the eastern horizon with flashes of light. It made the cock
crowed for a new day.
Sangkuriang failed to marry her. She was very angry and kicked the boat. It felt over and became the mountain of
Tangkuban Perahu Bandung.
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b.
Description
Description is writing about the way persons, animals, or things appear. It normally takes on of three forms.
Description tells how something looks or feels or sounds. It talks about such features as sizes, shape, color, sound, or state.
Description Paragraph TAJ MAHAL
Taj Mahal is regarded as one of the eight wonders of the world. It was built by a Muslim Emperor Shah Jahan in the
memory of his dear wife at Agra. Taj Mahal is a Mausoleum that houses the grave of queen Mumtaz Mahal. The mausoleum
is a part of a vast complex comprising of a main gateway, an elaborate garden, a mosque to the left, a guest house to the
right, and several other palatial buildings. The Taj is at the farthest end of this complex, with the river Jamuna behind it.
The Taj stands on a raised, square platform 186 x 186 feet with its four corners truncated, forming an unequal octagon.
The architectural design uses the interlocking arabesque concept, in which each element stands on its own and perfectly
integrates with the main structure. It uses the principles of self- replicating geometry and a symmetry of architectural elements.
Its central dome is fifty-eight feet in diameter and rises to a
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height of 213 feet. It is flanked by four subsidiary domed chambers. The four graceful, slender minarets are 162.5 feet
each. The central domed chamber and four adjoining chambers include many walls and panels of Islamic decoration. Taj
Mahal is built entirely of white marble. Its stunning architectural
beauty is
beyond adequate
description, particularly at dawn and sunset. The Taj seems to glow in the
light of the full moon. On a foggy morning, the visitors experience the Taj as if suspended when viewed from across
the Jamuna river.
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c.
Exposition
Exposition is a piece of text that presents one side of an issue.
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Exposition is writing that explains something. Its purpose is to present ideas and to make the ideas as clear as
possible. Exposition is writing with a referential aim. It seeks to explain someone or something in the world outside the writer.
In text genre especially, exposition devided into two kinds; Analytical exposition and Hortatory exposition.
1 Analytical Exposition
Analytical Exposition is one classified type as hortatory exposition in text genre. Both analytical
exposition and hortatory exposition present arguments for supporting the issued thesis. The different from one to each
other is the last stage of the text, which the analytical exposition will end with a re-iteration. In the other hand,
hortatory will close the essay with a recommendation. Analytical exposition will try to influence the reader by
presenting some arguments to prove that the writer idea is important. Furthermore, hortatory will try to persuade the
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reader how should or not do concerning the writers idea.
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Analytical Exposition paragraph Jakarta as a Bad Working Place for Expatriates
Jakarta is the second-worst place for expatriates to work in outside of the United States of America, Canada
and Western Europe. It is according to a recent report published by Business week.
The Business week report ranked emerging markets that might be challenging to move into due to their level of
pollution, disease, political violence and availability of good and services.
The report ranked Jakarta second, just below Lagos in Nigeria and above Riyadh Saudi Arabia, saying the
threat of violence from extremist, in particular, was serious drawback to living in Jakarta. Bombings targeting foreign
interests in Jakarta, such as the JW Marriot hotel bombing in 2003, have been repeated elsewhere in the city.
The report said despite problem common to many developing cities such as the risk of disease, poor
sanitation, and excessive pollution, Indonesia can be an enticing location.
In response, the Jakarta administration took the report positively, saying it could spur the administration to
improve its performance.
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2 Hortatory Exposition
Hortatory text is one text type of argumentative genres which has function to persuade readers. Since it is
one type of argumentative passages, it is very similar to analytical exposition both hortatory and analytical
exposition state thesis as the introduction. Both present argumentation to support the stated thesis. However,
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hortatory exposition makes the argumentation into a higher level. It is closed by certain recommendation and this
makes hortatory exposition differ from analytical exposition. Hortatory exposition can be seen in various
functional text. It can be formed of sales letter, advertising slogan, speech, or letter to editor. The following example of
hortatory exposition is simplified from a letter issued in The Jakarta Post which was written by Tomas Lasam Manila.
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Hortatory Exposition Paragraph SHOULD MUSIC BE COMPULSORY IN JUNIOR
HIGH SCHOOL? Statement of position
I believe that music should be compulsory in Junior High School. Firstly, Everyone likes music of some kind
music is enjoyable.
Argument 1
Secondly, the music industry is very popular in our society and the music industry is a very big one. It is
importantto know something about it.
Argument 2
Thirdly, learning to ply music and to ply an instrument helps you with other subjects. Studies have
shown this playing an instrument is interesting and enjoyable. Also, songs tell stories, help us with English and
make us happy.
Recommendation
In conclusion, for the above reasons, I believe that music should be compulsory in Junior High School.
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d. Recount
