Notions of Translation Translation

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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW

A. Theoretical Description

1. Translation

a. Notions of Translation

There are many definitions of translation that are stated by many experts. Larson 1984:3 defines translation as transferring the meaning of source language into receptor language. It means that the only thing that changes is the form, not the meaning. In her book Understanding Translation, Anne Schjoldager 2008: 19 says that “a translation is a text that expresses what another text has expressed in another l anguage” while Nida 1969:12 states that translation consists of reproducing in the receptor language the natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style. There are many more definitions of translation that are stated by many experts, but the meaning is simply the same although they used different words or sentences. The meaning wanted to deliver by those experts is translation is a work to transfer the meaning from one language SL to another language SL. On the other hand, subtitles represent a type of translation that belongs to the category that Henrik Gottlieb labels as „screen translation‟ Gottlieb in Schjoldager 2008: 205. Subtitles appear on TV media, cinema, and films in form of text on the screen synchronized with dialogue in the film. Subtitle makes it easier for people who do not master English or other language to understand what the characters say. In translation, the form of the words, sentence, or even paragraph can be changed, but the meaning or the message should be delivered precisely like the one in ST. This process is known as translation quality assessment. There is a way to evaluate or know the translation quality. The way is to make criteria for translation quality. Andersen 1998 in his article entitled „Perceived authenticity: The fourth criterion of good translation proposes that the fourth criterion for a good translation – in addition to accuracy, clarity and naturalness. Same as Andersen, Larson Larson 2001:40 also stated that accuracy, clarity and naturalness are well-known criteria for an objective evaluation of a translation. There are some difficulties to achieve a good translation. Moreover, language develops every day. The vocabulary is getting richer and richer and the difficulty to find the equivalent meaning or word in target language becomes more difficult.

b. Types of Translation