annoyed by the person he spoke to. There is no equivalent between the SL and the TL because the translation does not carry the meaning from the SL to the TL.
2. Naturalness
Farahani 2005 defines naturalness as the extent to which a work of translation sounds natural in the target language. The translation should be as natural
as possible in target language so the reader can easily understand the meaning of the text and can enjoy the translation. The possible way to check the value of naturalness
is refer to native speaker of the language and ask their evaluation of the naturalness of the translation. The second way is to follow the grammatical rules in the target
language. It is can only be done if the translator has a deep knowledge of the grammatical rules and the using of daily language of the target language.
The level of naturalness to be measured is divided into three categories. They are natural, less natural, and natural. The researcher asked two students of English
Literature who took Translation discipline to judge the level of naturalness. They judged the level by comparing the slang expression in the SL and the TL and
according to the context of the scene in the movie. a
Natural The natural level means the translation of the SL expression “sound” like the
expression in the TL. It means that the translator is used daily expression that is used in the TL in its translation. The translation also thought about the context of the
movie, whether the expression matched with the context or not. The table below shows the highest level of naturalness can be found on the translation.
Table 13
No. Source
Language Target
language Reader 1
Reader 2
Na LN Un Na LN Un 1.
Whiskey Fire Old Snake
requests an
LZ prep
… Whiskey Fire
Old meminta
tempat pendaratan
disiapkan
….. v
V
2. Right echelon
approach
from RP to LZ
, acknowledge.
Eselon kanan mendekat dari
titik berkumpul
ke mendarat
. v
V
3. I need fast
movers on my Yankee
Smoke
, copy?
Aku butuh tentara gerak
cepat di helikopterku,
dengar? v
V
4. Snake and
nape on the ready
Bom dan napalm siap
V v
In the table above are some examples of the natural level of naturalness that are found in the movie. In the first and the second expressions, the two readers
have the same opinion that the translations are considered have the natural level of naturalness. Even though the first and second expressions are in abbreviation forms,
the readers considered they are translated naturally because the readers have the basic knowledge to what the abbreviations mean. They know the expression LZ stands for
Landing Zone and RP stands for Release Point. If it is translated into TL it would be Tempat pendaratan
and if Release point is translated literally, it would be became tempat pelepasan
, but the translator changed it into titik berkumpul which is according to the two readers is a natural expression in the TL. The two readers judged
those expressions have natural level also because the expressions are matched well with the context in the movie. The researcher agrees with the judgment of the two
readers. The expression number 1 and 2 are translated naturally into the Target Language.
In the third and the fourth expressions, the two readers have the different opinion. In the third expression, the reader one considerer the expression is natural,
but the reader two considered it as less natural. Meanwhile, on the fourth expression, the reader one considered the expression as less natural and the reader two judged it
as natural. The level of naturalness can be different in those two expressions because
the two readers have the opinion in the translation of the two expressions. In the third
expression, the different lies on the translation of the phrase Yankee Smoke. It is
translated into helikopter in the TL. The reader 1 thinks that the translation is natural because the term can be referred to the helicopter. It can be the name of the helicopter
because some aircrafts have their own name on the battlefield and it is usually used in the war. So, reader 1 considered the translation as natural. The reader 2 did not agree
with the opinion of the reader 1, so he judged the expression as less natural. He
thought that the term Yankee Smoke should be translated literally, which means to
take the base form of the term in the SL not translated to be helikopter. So, he considered the translation as less natural. Yet, if it is translated literally, the readers
would have a hard time to understand the meaning of the translation. The same case can be found in the fourth expression. The difference is
lying in the translation of the term snake. In the translation, it is translated into bom.
The reader 1 did not agree with the translation because he did not know what the term
snake
refers to. So, he considered the translation as less natural because there is an expression that he thought making the translation becomes less natural. Meanwhile,
the reader 2 agrees with the translation. He thought the translation was good and
equivalence. He agreed with the translator who translated the term snake into bom
because it is commonly used in the daily language of the TL. So, he considered the translation as natural.
In the expression number 3, the researcher agrees with the judgment of Reader 1. He is judged that the expression is translated naturally. Although not all the
expressions are translated, there is no loss meaning in the translation process. The term that is not translated by the translator does not exist in the TL, so it would be
meaningless if he translated the expressions and the readers would have a difficult time to understand them. Meanwhile, on the fourth expression, the researcher agrees
with the judgment of two readers. The translated expression in the TL is fully natural and follows the grammatical and daily use of Bahasa Indonesia. If the expression was
translated literally, it would be confusing for the readers because such an expression does not exist in Bahasa Indonesia.
b Less Natural
The second level of naturalness in this research is less natural. Less natural means that the translation has lose some parts of the meaning of the expression. The
meaning can be loss in the translation process. It can be because the translator added or omitted some parts of the expression or he changed it. The indicator to determine
whether the translation is less natural or not, is depending on the judgment of the readers. The two readers can have different opinion about the level of the naturalness
of the expression. Table 13
No. Source Language Target Language Reader 1
Reader 2 Na
LN Un Na
LN Un 1.
That‟s for Brooklyn,
motherfucker
Itu untuk Brooklyn,
bangsat v
v
2.
Delivery on five . Tembak lima
detik lagi.
v v
3. You shit the
money-bed , my
friend.
Kau membuang- buang uang
studio , kawan.
v v
4. Think you can
get us back to that drop zone,
boy? Apakah kau bisa
membawa kami ke tempat awal?
v v
In the table above, there are four examples of less natural expression. In the first and the second expression, we can see that the two readers have different opinion
about the level of the naturalness of the expressions. In the first expression, the reader 1 determined the expression as natural, but the reader 2 considered it as less natural.
The different lied on the translation of the informal language in the sentence. Reader 2 considered it as natural because the translation of the expression is commonly used
in the TL. There is no missing meaning on the translation process. On the other hand, on the second expression, reader 1 thought that the translation is less natural but
reader 2 did not agree. The different of the opinion lied on the word five. Reader 1
thought the translation of the word, which is on TL translated into lima detik is natural, but the reader 2 thought the translation in less natural because there are added
meaning on the translation. The word five if it is translated into TL it would be lima,
but there is no specific meaning whether it refers to second, minute, or hour. It is the point where reader 2 thought that the translation become less natural.
The researcher agrees with Reader 2 in the first expression. The expression in the SL is used to curse or express such an emotion to the person the speaker spoke to.
In the TL, it is translated as it used to in the SL. Then, it is considered as natural, although, there is a norm issue when the expression is used both in the SL and TL.
On the other hand, the researcher tends to agree with Reader 1 judgment in the second expressions. The term is frequently used in military terms and has the
meaning equivalent with the translation in the TL. It can be considered that the expression in the TL is the standard translation of expression in the SL.
Meanwhile, in the third and fourth expressions, the two readers agree that the translations of the expressions are less natural. If the third expression in the table
translated literally, it would have no meaning because such the expression cannot be translated literally. So, the translator free-translated it in order to make the translation
easier to understand. There are also added meaning in the translation. The word studio
in the translation result is the word that is added by the translator. It is the point where the two readers thought that the translator become less natural. In the SL, it is
only mentioned the money-bed, there are no word studio. Yet, in the translation, the
translator added the word studio. The added word could have a purpose to make the readers of the translation easier to understand the translation.
The same happens in the fourth expression. The two readers also agree that
the translation of the sentence is less natural. The phrase drop zone if it translated
literally, it would become zona penurunan. Yet, in the translation, it is translated into tempat awal
. The translator did not translate the phrase literally, but change the meaning of the phrase. The two readers thought that the translation became less
natural because of this. The translator should not translate the phrase literally, but change the translation into something more natural.
The researcher has the same opinion with the two readers in the fourth expression and disagrees with them in third expression. The fourth expressions are
translated less naturally into the TL. The translated expressions in the fourth expression is less natural, because if translated, it would be become tempat
penurunan in the Bahasa Indonesia subtitle. Yet, it is translated as tempat awal and it
can be confusing for the reader. Meanwhile, the researcher thinks that the third expression is naturally translated. The term in the SL cannot be translated in TL
because such expressions do not exist. c
Unnatural The last level of naturalness on the research is unnatural. It is the lowest level
of naturalness. Unnatural means that the translation “sound” like not expression on the TL. If the readers of translation read the translation, the translation feels like they
are reading a translated expression and it is become hard to understand the meaning. Although, there are a little number of unnatural translation can be found on the text.
The factor to determine whether the expression is unnatural or not is depending on the judgment of the two readers. They still can have different opinion about the level
of naturalness of the translation. Table 14
Source Language Target Language Reader 1
Reader 2 Na
LN Un
Na LN
Un
We’re loaded Kita kaya raya
V v
Pop an ass open Bukalah kalengnya
V v
I‟m just fucking
with you, Kangaroo Jack
Aku hanya bercanda
, Kangaroo Jack.
V v
There are three examples of unnatural translation of the slang expression that can be found on the movie. In the first one, the two readers have same opinion about
the level on naturalness of the translation. They agree that the translation of the slang expression is unnatural. The translation of the slang translation as it is stated in the
movie subtitle is kita kaya raya. It can be seen that there is no equivalence meaning of the SL and TL and it affect the level of naturalness of the translation. The word
loaded
in the SL can have a meaning of something that have a full capacity, but it is translated into kaya raya on the TL. The two readers determine it is unnatural because
of the factor. The researcher has the same opinion with the two readers. The expression is unnatural because it would have different meaning and there is no
equivalence between SL and TL. In the second and third expression, the two readers have different opinion
about the level of naturalness. In the second expression, reader 1 thought that the expression is naturally translated, but the reader 2 thought that it is unnatural. The
reader 1 thought that the expression is naturally translated because the word ass can
refer to the word kaleng on the translation. He found a relationship between the SL
and the translation ad he thought that the translation is natural. On the other hand, the reader 2 did not find the relationship and determine the translation is unnatural. It is
because he thought that there is no equivalence between the SL and the translation, so did the relation between the SL and the translation. So, he determined that the
translation is unnatural. In this expression, the researcher agrees with Reader 1. The expression is natural in TL because if the expression is translated literally, it would be
confusing for the readers. Then, the translator changed the meaning of the expression and found the most equivalent meaning for the expression.
In the third example, the two readers also have different opinion. The reader 1 thought that the translation is unnatural, but the reader 2 thought that the translation is
less natural. The word fucking, according to
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
has the meaning of used to emphasize a statement, especially an angry one. In the translation, it is translated into bercanda which is has different meaning.
Reader 1 thought the translation is unnatural because the meaning of the translation is greatly different. And reader 2 thought it is less natural because of the meaning is
different so there is a loss meaning in the translation process. The researcher agrees with the opinion of two readers in this translation of expression. The translation is
less natural because there is different meaning between the expression in SL and TL and it can be confusing for the readers if they read the expression in the SL.
The examples of level of naturalness above are purely judge by two readers. Then, there is may be a different opinion between Reader 1 and Reader 2 in
determine the level of naturalness of slang expressions found in the movie. Therefore, the researcher tries to be the neutral party and consider opinion from two readers in
order to get more accurate result.
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
