The second reference is thesis written by Falla Nour Rohmah entitled Subtitling Strategies of English Slang Expression in the Indonesian Subtitle of TV
Series: Hannah Montana Season 4. The thesis discussed about the subtitling
strategies used to translate the slang expressions found in the data sources. The researcher takes the subtitling strategies and kinds of slang as the reference to
understand more about the subtitling and slang language. The difference lies in the focus of the research. Falla‟s thesis focused on the subtitling strategies and kinds of
slang expression while this thesis more focused about to measure the accuracy and naturalness of the translation.
B. Conceptual Framework
This research adapts the theory proposed by Jakobson about translation. He divided translation into three parts, intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic
translation. Intralingual translation deals with translation of verbal signs in the same language, intralingual translation deals with translation of verbal signs in different
language. Meanwhile, intersemiotic translation deals with translation of verbal signs that converted into non-verbal signs.
The study applied the intralingual concept that is transfer the meaning of verbal signs into another language. The concept included into category of bilingual,
that is a situation where there are only two languages involved in the translation process. The source language is English text, a subtitle of a movie and the target
language is the Indonesian version of the subtitle.
The material used in the research was subtitle of movie entitled Tropic Thunder
. Subtitling can be defined as diasemiotic translation in polysemiotic media including films, TV, video and DVD, in the form of one or more lines of written
text presented on the screen in sync with the original dialogue Gottlieb:1996. Subtitling, according to Dries 1995, can be initially divided into two main
categories, “inter-lingual subtitling” and “intra-lingual subtitling”; inter-lingual subtitling encompasses the communication “from one language into another
language” and “from spoken dialogue into a written, condensed translation which appears on
the screen” pp.26. There is condition in subtitling according to Gottlieb: time-and-space constraints of subtitling, which mean that no more than some 70
alphanumeric characters can be fitted into one subtitle, and that - in order to give viewers enough reading time - subtitles should be exposed at a pace not exceeding 12
characters per second. The condition is the aspect that makes many experts debating whether subtitle is a translation or not.
In the subtitle, the researcher only focuses on one linguistic aspect, which is slang. The researcher lists slang expression in the subtitle of the movie. Definition of
slang stated by English professor Connie Eble 1996: 11 is: “Slang is an ever
changing set of colloquial words and phrases that speakers use to establish or reinforce social identity or cohesiveness in society at large”. According to Oxford
Dictionary, slang is a type of language consisting of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are
typically restricted to a particular context or group of people. In the subtitle, slang expression comes into forms of phrases and words.
Slang is kind of expression that cannot be translated literally. The researcher believes that the translator needs some kinds of technique to overcome the obstacle in
translating slang expression. Then, there is a need to use some criteria to measure the quality of translation. Accuracy and naturalness are long known to be three criteria of
good translation. Accuracy deals with the equivalence meaning between the ST and the TT. Naturalness deals with whether the translation “sounds” natural in the TT.
Accuracy itself has four criteria to define whether the translation is accurate or not. The four criteria are divided into three levels are used to measure the degree of
accuracy. Accuracy formulated by Larson 1984 where it is proposed that accuracy check for meaning could be performed only by a careful comparison of the source
text and the semantic analysis. The criteria promoted by Larson are: 1.
High level that consists of accurate translation 2.
Medium level that consists of addition and omission. 3.
Low level that consists of different meaning and zero meaning. Then, the second criterion to measure the quality of the translation is
naturalness. Khomeijani Farahani 2005 defines naturalness as the extent to which a work of translation sounds natural in the target language. According to him, there are
two ways to define the degree of accuracy. The first way is to ask the opinion of the
native speaker of the TT. Then the second is to see whether the translation has followed the syntactic rule of the ST and TT. This research used the first method. The
researcher asks for help from two students of English Literature to determine the level of naturalness of slang expressions translation found in the movie.
The analytical construct of the thesis is illustrated below.
BILINGUAL MULTILINGUAL
TRANSLATION
INTRALINGUAL INTERLINGUAL
INTERSEMIOTIC
ENGLISH TEXT: SUBTITLE OF
TROPIC THUNDER
BAHASA INDONESIA TEXT:
SUBTITLE OF TROPIC THUNDER
Non- Slang
TRANSLATION PROCESS
Slang
Meaning Accuracy
Expression Naturalness
Reader 1 Reader 2
Natural Less
Natural
Unnatural
Natural Less
Natural
Unnatural
High Level
Medium Level
Low Level
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Approach
The study aims to analyze and find out the degree of accuracy and naturalness in meaning of slang translation on Indonesian subtitle of Tropic Thunder movie.
Thus, the research applies descriptive qualitative method that employs techniques of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. Moleong 2001 states qualitative
research is a research which describes and produces descriptive data consisting of written and spoken words. Besides, Arikunto 1998 states that in qualitative
research, there is no hypothesis to be proven. It simply try to describe the phenomenon the researcher wants to discover. In other words, qualitative descriptive
research is described the result of research with description rather than number and percentage.
According to Suryawinata and Hariyanto 2003:173, research on translation errors, translation procedures according to the type of text, and so on, would be freely
approached with qualitative design. It means that the qualitative research is the best method to be used in this research. The method can be used to describe the level of
accuracy and naturalness of slang expressions translation found in the movie. It is more effective than using the quantitative research to describe the result of this
research because qualitative method uses description to present the result of the
