2. Meaning-based translation makes every effort to communicate the meaning of the SL text in natural form of TL that was famous by name
idiomatic translation.
Idiomatic translation uses the natural form of the TL, both in the grammatical construction and in the choice of lexical items. A
truly translation does not sound like translation. It sounds like it was written originally in the TL.
Nida and Taber agree with Larsson about the method, but they have their own concept. As cited by Simatupang 2000:9, the methods are literal translation and
dynamic translation. The literal translation has the same concept as Larsson‟s form-
based translation. However, the dynamic translation has the different concept from meaning-based translation. The dynamic translation concerns on meaning rather than
form. It tries to make the translation as equivalence as in the TL. Based on the explanation above, there are two translation methods should be
applied by the translator in order to achieve a good translation. They are meaning based translation, proposed by Larson, and dynamic translation that was stated by
Nida and Taber. Those methods are considered should be applied in doing translation.
2. Subtitle
a. Definitions of Subtitle
The same as the translation, many experts also have given their thought about the definition of subtitle. According to Díaz Cintas Remael 2007: 8 subtitling
may be defined as a translation practice that consists of presenting a written text, generally on the lower part of the screen, the discursive elements that appear in the
image letters, inserts, graffiti, inscriptions, placards, and the like, and the information that is contained on the soundtrack songs, voices off. Another
definition is stated by Gotlieb 2001b:87 that s ubtitles consist of “the rendering in a
different language of verbal messages in filmic media in the shape of one or more lines of written text presented on the screen in sync
with the original message”.
b. Types of Subtitling
The same like translation, subtitling has its own types too. Gotlieb in Baker 2001:247 stated two types of subtitling:
1. Intralingual subtitling
Intralingual subtitling is a subtitle in the original language that includes subtitling of domestic programmes for the deaf and hard of hearing and subtitling of
foreign language programmes for language learners. It is often called captioning, and it is in prevalent use in television broadcasting.
2. Interlingual subtitling
Interlingual subtitling is the translation of the source language into the target language or languages in the form of one or more lines of synchronized written text.
These verbal messages may include not only speech, such as dialogue, commentary, and song lyrics, but also displays, such as written signs and newspaper headlines.
Subtitles usually appear at the bottom of the screen, though their placement may vary among language groups.
c. Subtitle Translation
The essential thing that a subtitler should pay attention to when translating is the coherence between the SL and the TL. There are also space and time limits in
subtitle. Subtitles should take up to two lines and no more than 39 characters per line. They should not last less than 1 second or more than 6, and they should have a
minimun gap of 2 frames so viewers notice there has been a change of subtitles. Reading speed is also another important aspect in subtitling. In a 6-second
subtitle we can read much more text than in a 2-second one. The reading speed affects the level of understanding of the readers. If the subtitles change too quickly,
the readers could have a difficult time to understand them. Subtitles considerably reduce the actual dialogue simply to make the viewers
easier to understand the movie without missing any action in the movie, stated by Antonini 2005:213. Furthermore, ideally, viewers should be reading and be able to
simultaneously watch the movie, read the subtitles, and enjoy it unconsciously. The subtitling process involves three basic steps: elimination, rendering, and
condensation. Antonini 2005:213 stated that elimination means reducing elements that do
not change the meaning of the source dialogue such as false starts, repetitions, and hesitations. Rendering refers to the elimination of taboo items, slang, and dialect.
Condensation involves the simplification of original syntax in order to render the subs more easily readable.
d. Subtitling strategies
