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E. Research Contribution
This research is expected to answer to the problems stated in the problem formulation clearly. By designing materials for nurses, I want the teacher, the
course developers and the next researchers to have clear description and explanation on how to develop materials. By designing these materials, nurses in
Panti Rapih Hospital are expected to be able to speak English and also to be able to give responses to the people who speak English.
F. Definition of Terms
In the definition of terms, there are some explanations of several terms used in the research. I hope the readers will understand some terms that are used
in this research so that they will understand what I mean.
1. Integrated Materials
Integrated materials are the materials that are made by combining grammar, vocabulary and two skills such as speaking and listening. In this study, I
will combine two skills that are very important to master. Even though I will only focus on two skills, in this study there will be more than two skills applied in the
learning activities in order to achieve the objectives. It reflects what happen in a real world where interactions involve multiple skills. Due to the principle of
integrated materials, the content of the material will influence the decisions on selecting and sequencing skills.
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2. Collaborative Learning
According to Wiersema 2000, collaborative learning means the process of learning together within community of individual learners such as students and
students, students and teachers, or even teachers and students who are teaching each other.
Smith 1992 stated that collaborative learning is an umbrella term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or
students and teachers together. Usually, students are working in groups of two or more, mutually searching for understanding, solutions, or meanings, or creating a
product. Collaborative learning activities vary widely, but most centre on students’ exploration or application of the course material, not simply the
teacher’s presentation or explication of it.
3. Nurses
There are several types of nurses that are usually divided into several types of groups depending on where they work. In this study, the nurses who are the
objects of the study are working in the hospital. Hospital nurses, the largest group, are staff nurses who provide bedside nursing care and carry out the medical
regimen prescribed by physicians. They also supervise licensed practical nurses and aides. Hospital nurses are typically assigned to one area such as surgery,
maternity, pediatrics, emergency, ICU, or oncology, but they sometimes rotate among departments.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
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