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3. Specifying Learning Objectives
After determining the general purposes, I specify the learning objectives. It should be done in order to achieve certain students’ measurable performances.
The specified learning objectives are also known as learning indicators. Learning indicators are the performances the students should be able to demonstrate in
order to be categorized as successful in achieving the general purposes.
4. Listing Subject Content
According to Kemp 1977:45, the aim of listing subject content are selection and organizing of the specific knowledge facts and information, skills,
and attitudinal factors of any topic. The objectives of the course and the selected topics are considered in the selection and organization of subject contents.
5. Selecting Teaching Learning Activities and Instructional Resources
I select teachinglearning activities and instructional resources that will treat the subject content so students will accomplish the objectives. I adjust the
materials and methods that support the creation of an effective and efficient teaching learning process Kemp, 1977:55.
6. Coordinating Support Service
I prepare the support services of the study. It includes funds, facilities, and equipment to develop the materials. I provide the instrument of teachinglearning
and coordinate the instrument to convey the learning materials. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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7. Conducting Evaluation
The evaluation is carried out after the materials designed. The evaluation is needed to revise the designed material so that the designed materials become the
appropriate design. The respondent of the preliminary field testing evaluate the materials before the classroom implementation begins. The evaluation is not only
done in the preliminary field testing but also done after classroom implementation.
The learners will answer the answers of the questionnaires. They will evaluate the material and the teaching learning techniques used in the class.
8. Revising the Designed Materials
According to Kemp’s instructional design model, some revision is needed to improve the designed materials. In this step, I revise the designed materials
based on the respondents’ suggestions and criticism obtained from the evaluation step. It should also be noted that the revisions can actually occur in every step so
that I could monitor the design and confirm whether the design is already appropriate or not.
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Determining the goals, topics, and general purposes
Specifying learning objectives
Listing Subject Content
Coordinating Support Service
Materials Evaluation Identifying learners’
characteristics Research and information
collecting
Developing preliminary material design
Preliminary field testing
Main product revision
Main field testing Selecting Teaching Learning
Activities and instructional resources
Steps of the R D and steps of Kemp’s instructional design The line of the relation of R D and Kemp’s instructional design step
The feedback
line
Figure 2.6 The Relationship of RD and Kemps’ Instructional Design Step
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, I present the research method used in the study, the participants, the instruments, the data gathering techniques, the data analysis
technique, and the research procedures of this study.
A. Research Method
According to Borg Gall 1983, educational research and development RD is a process to develop and validate educational products. The term
product in this matter does not only mean a material object such as a book, a handout or a film, but a product can also refer to established procedures and
processes such as a method of teaching or a method for organizing instruction. Hence, I decided to use R D in conducting the research because the aim
was to develop materials for nurses in Panti Rapih Hospital. R D could also help me to answer the problems which were what the appropriate design of the
integrated listening and speaking materials based on collaborative learning for nurses in Panti Rapih Hospital was and how the design affected the nurses.
There are some steps adapted from R D a. Research and information collecting
In this step I conducted review of literature, need analysis, defined the skills and stated the objectives determining the course sequence.