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6. Learner Characteristics
According to Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary, a nurse is a person who trained to help a doctor to look after sick or injured people. There are six
nurse characteristics that are written in www.bls.gov. The characteristics are a Nurses give people medicine and emotional support to patients and their
families, treat wounds, ask patients about their symptoms and keep detailed records, watch for signs that people are sick, and help doctors examine and
treat patients. b Nurses help people to give tests to find out why people are sick. Some also do
lab work to get test results. c In hospitals or laboratories, nurses teach people how to take care of
themselves and their families. d Some nurses teach people about diet and exercise and how to follow doctors
instructions. e Many nurses work in doctors offices. They help with medical tests, give
medicines, and dress wounds. Some also do lab and office work. f Many nurses spend a lot of time walking and curing for people who have
diseases that they can catch too the sick so they have to be careful in order to stay safe.
Being a nurse who works in hospitals, laboratories, or offices should have been an adult because they have to be able to cure people. According to Hamer
2001 adult language learners have special characteristics: a They have a whole range of life experiences to draw on.
30 b They have expectations about the learning process, and may already have their
own set patterns of learning. c Most adults tend to be more disciplined than some teenagers and they are
often prepared to struggle on despite boredom. d They come to class with a various experiences so that the teacher can make
various activities with them. e Unlike young children and teenagers, they have a clear understanding of why
they learn and what the objectives are. Harmer 2001 also wrote that a good teacher should consider those five
characteristics when he is teaching adults. Besides involving his students in indirect learning through reading, listening, and communicative speaking and
writing, the teacher should also allow the students to use their intellects to learn consciously where this is appropriate. A teacher of adult language learners should
encourage the students to use their own life experience in the learning process. Nurses generally fall into several main groups, depending on where they
work: in hospitals, in private practice, in private homes, etc. Hospital nurses, the largest group, are staff nurses who provide bedside nursing care and carry out the
medical regimen prescribed by physicians. They also supervise licensed practical nurses and aides. Hospital nurses are typically assigned to one area such as
surgery, maternity, pediatrics, emergency, ICU, or oncology, but they sometimes rotate among departments.
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B. Theoretical Framework
The study deals with designing the appropriate design of the integrated listening and speaking materials based on collaborative learning for nurses in
Panti Rapih Hospital. To answer two problems stated in the problem formulation, I employed the adaptation of Kemp’s instructional design model as the realization
of Educational Research and Development RD method.
1. Identifying Learners’ Characteristics
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