The other study was conducted by Ratna Wulan who observed the role of intelligence, vocabulary knowledge, attitudes toward reading, and interest in
reading on reading comprehension among fourth graders, 9-10 years in age without any visual or auditory disturbances and mental retardation. The survey
involved 377 fourth graders from 16 public elementary schools in the city of Yogyakarta. The results showed that those four predictors influenced reading
comprehension R = 0.592, F = 50.154, p 0.05, effect size was 35 vocabulary knowledge 29, intelligence 5.4, attitudes toward reading 0.6,
and interest in reading 0.
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There has been some studies investigated which showed that intelligence related to reading comprehension or achievement. However, not many studies
have investigated the intelligence, in this case is Intelligence Quotient IQ, and correlates to reading achievement. Moreover, since there has been investigations
that revealed the intelligence relates to reading achievement, so this study will examine the relationship between IQ and reading achievement on Extensive
Reading course.
D. Thinking Framework
Based on the Binet’s theory which have been explained above, it can be inferred that In
telligence Quotient IQ is the measurement of person’s intelligence. The IQ tells how a person develop intellectually. Then, it needs to
know the IQ because it is one factor that influences students’ learning process. It also can predict students’ success in learning a subject. Besides, knowing the
students’ IQ may help teachers to make a plan in the learning activity. So, it facilitates both teachers and students to reach the learning’s objective.
Reading achievement is the result of what students have learned in a class. It can describe how well the students’ comprehend a reading material in class. It
usually formed in the score at the end of reading class. Moreover, there are several factors which may affect students to have high reading comprehension and
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Ratna Wulan, Peranan Inteligensi, Penguasaan Kosakata, Sikap, dan Minat terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Pada Anak, Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, Nomor 2, 2010,
pp.167 – 185.
achievement such as students’ reading interests, experience, background
knowledge, motivation, and intelligence. Students with high IQ indicate high reading skill and low IQ indicate low
reading skill. The students with high reading skill tend to comprehend the text well then able to answer the provided questions as accurate as possible. Whereas
students with low reading skill tend to be difficult in understanding then could not answer the questions as well as the students with high achievement. As De Boer
states in his book, it is known that a fairly close relationship exists between intelligence and the ability to read.
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Furthermore, to know the IQ, people need to have a set of test in an institution. There are some IQ test types in this world that has been explained
before. One of them is the Cattel and Horn test, which is usually called Culture Fair Intelligence Test. In this case, the CFIT is used to know the IQ of samples in
this research. The CFIT consists of three scales which is arranged in form A and form B, in parallel. This test constructed by Raymond B. Cattel dan A. Karen S.
Cattel , also some research’s staff of Institute of Personality and Ability Testing
IPAT in Illionis University, Champaign, New York, in 1949. The CFIT means to measure the general ability, in which to measure
someone’s fluid ability. The fluid ability is someone’s cognitive ability hereditarily. Then the fluid ability in individual growth usually called crystallized
ability which is cognitive ability in the individual interaction to surrounding environment. Shortly, the IQ test is assumed as the appropriate test to conduct in
education area because it usually used to measure IQ’s people who will encounter the higher education level.
In summary, based on explanations above, it shows that the IQ may affect the learning process especially in gaining achievement of subject
—in this case is in Extensive Reading course.
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Deboer, op.cit., 1964, p. 31
.
E. Theoretical Hypothesis
Based on the literature review and the previous study above, it can be proposed theoretical hypothesis that there is relationship between the intelligence
which described through Intelligence Quotient IQ and students’ achievement on Extensive Reading.
