37 Researcher reviewed and calculated the precentage from the table data which can
be seen in the appendix.
B. Occurrence Frequency of Vinay and Darbelnets Translation
Procedure Applied in Djenars Translation
The discussion is given to each points of Vinay and Darbelnet’s translation procedure in general. This section presents the calculation of the occurrence
frequency of each translation procedure. Some examples are already explained in section A of this chapter. This section will mainly discuss the percentage of
occurence of Vinay and Darbelent’s translation procedures in the translation. The following table presents the data in a form of numbers. Reseracher reviewed and
calculated the precentage from the table data which can be see in the appendix.
Table 4.8 Data Collection Result
TP B
C L
T M
E A
Double Total
2 3
130 25
19 5
1 4
Note: TP: Translation Procedures; B: Borrowing; C: Calque; L: Literal; T: Transposition; M: Modulation; E: Equivalence; A: Adaptation
Table 4.8 shows that literal translation procedure dominates the results. Literal translation procedure is in the first place followed by transposition,
modulation, equivalence , calque, and the last is borrowing. However, there are four data which have double procedure in a sentence.
38
Table 4.9 Sample data of Double Procedure
SL.002 Sebagai anak tunggal
ia menghabiskan banyak waktu hanya
dengan melamun tanpa seorang pun
untuk diajak berbicara.
TL.002 As an only child she
spent much of her time day dreaming,
since she had no one to talk to.
Literal and Modulation
SL.046 Mayra menerima pisau itu kedalam
tangannya dan mereka bergandengan
kembali ke kamar lalu mengunci pintu.
TL.046 Mayra took the knife in her hand
and they walked arm in arm back to
the bedroom, locking the door.
Literal and Equivalence
SL.056
SL.056 Ibu sudah kembali ke
dalam lukisan, duduk tersenyum manis
sambil memangku dirinya, mengenakan
kebaya emas dan selendang coklat
muda. TL.056
TL.056 She was back in the
painting, sitting there smiling
sweetly, while taking Mayra on her
lap, wearing golden kebaya with the
light brown scarf. Literal and
Borrowing
Note: SL = Source language; TL = Target language
39 Double procedure sentence is a sentece which applied two procedures in a
sentence. In TL.002, the first half part of the sentence applied literal translation. The first half part of the literal translation is:
“Sebagai anak tunggal ia banyak menghabiskan waktu dengan melamun ...” translated into “As an only child she spent much of her time day dreaming ...”.
This half part of the sentence is structurally and grammaticaly the same between the source language and the target language. However, starting from the
second half of the sentence, Garcia changed the procedure into modulation. In this part of the sentence:
“... tanpa seorang pun untuk di ajak bicara.” Garcia translated the sentence into “... since she had no one to talk to.” The translator added the conjunction “since”
and change the point of view of the message. The actual message visualizes that it was there was no one around. That is why Mayra spent much of her time day
dreaming. It is the environment which made Mayra does not have any companion. By applying modulation procedure, Garcia actually did not change the message at
all. The use of the conjuction simplify the structure of the source language. The conjuction let the translator to directly points out that Mayra does not have anyone
to talk to. However, the outcome of the translation did not really points out why Mayra does not have anyone to talk to.
The second combination of the procedures is in SL.046. The translator combines literal translation procedure and equivalence translation procedure.
Most of the words are literaly word to word translation except for one word
40 bergandengan which means holding hands. The translator translated the word
bergandengan into an English idiom arm in arm, ehic shares the same message of holding hands or bergandengan in Bahasa Indonesia.
SL.056 on the other hand, used the combination of literal procedure and borrowing procedure. The procedure can be clearly seen from the structure and
grammar of both source and target language. Borrowing procedure is used mainly to translate the cultural word, kebaya.
The researcher gathered and calculated the results in order to find the precentage of each procedures used in the translation. The following formula is
the formula used in the data calculation see figure 4.1. The results of the data calculation is presented in table. 4.1.
Figure 4.1 Data Calculation Formula
In where:
=
The total of the data based on the category
=
The total of the collected data
� �
X 100 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
41
Table 4.10 Data Calculation Result
No. Category
Total Data Result
1. Borrowing
2 1.08
2. Calque
3 1.62
3. Literal
130 70.27
4. Transposition
25 13.5
5. Modulation
19 10.27
6. Equivalence
5 2.7
7. Adaptation
1 0.54
8. Double Procedure
4 2.16
Michael Nieto Garcia as the translator of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Melukis Jendela used all of the translation procedures proposed by Jean-Paul Vinay and
Jean Darbelnet. The calculation above shows that the most applied procedure is the literal translation. Literal translation dominates all other procedures by
seventy point twenty seven percent 70. 27. There are one hundred and thirty 130 entries of literal translation in Painting a Window. The second procedure
which occurs frequently is transpotion 25 entries, followed by modulation 19 entries, equivalence 5 entries, calque 3 entries and borrowing 2 entries.
Adaptation is the least used procedure in this translation. Double procedure data are not commoly found in the translation but the researcher managed to point out
four entries.
42
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter consists of two parts, namely, conclusions and recommendations. Conclusions present the essential points of the discussion.