influencing the emergence of dispreferred social acts
.
This research revealed seven types of adjacency pairs found in the Freedom Writers the Movie, nine
ways of doing the dispreferred responses, and four social factors influencing them
.
The second research is a thesis written by Fifin Sholicha Wati in 2015 entitled “A Conversation Analysis of Dispreferred Social Acts in Jumping the
Broom Movie”
.
The research aimed to describe the types of dispreferred social acts, to identify the ways of performing dispreferred social acts, and to
analyze the functions of dispreferred social acts performed by the characters in Jumping the Broom movie
.
In this research, she found six types of the dispreferred social acts, twelve realizations of the dispreferred social acts, and
twelve functions of the dispreferred social acts in the Jumping the Broom Movie
.
B. Conceptual Framework
This research attempts to analyze the 2014 animation film based on the book written by Cressida Cowell entitled How to Train Your Dragon 2 using
the pragmatic approach
.
As pragmatic analysis discusses more about the meaning behind one’s utterances and its user, the utterances of the main
character of the movie How to Train Your Dragon 2 is the main focus of this research
.
In order to focus more on the utterances of the main character, this
research limits its analysis only to the dispreferred second part of Hiccup, the male lead character
.
Conversation analysis has the turn-taking, adjacency pairs, and preference structure
.
Preference structure or preference organization is a response that the second speaker gives to the previous utterance by the first
speaker
.
The preference structure has two types, they are preferred response and dispreferred response
.
Dispreferred response is the unexpected or least preferred responses the first speaker wants to hear
.
This research is conducted to find and classify the types and the functions of the dispreferred responses in
How to Train Your Dragon 2
.
The main theory used to identify the types of the dispreferred responses in How to Train Your Dragon 2 movie is by Yule
.
As conversation is meant to get what the speaker means by his utterances, there are functions in what one
said
.
Thus, this research also explores the functions of each type of the dispreferred responses
.
In order to get the systematic form of this conceptual framework, the researcher provides the analytical construct presented in Figure 2
.
Figure 2 . Analytical Construct
PRAGMATICS
Conversation Analysis
Speech Act Politeness
Adjacency Pairs
Context
Cooperative Principle
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Turn-Taking Preference
Structure
First Pair Part SPP
Second Pair Part SPP
Types Functions
Assessment-Disagreement InvitationOffer-Refusal
Request-Refusal Question-NoUnexpected
Answer Blame-Admission
Dispreferred Responses Expressed by Hiccup in Dean Deblois’ How to Train Your Dragon 2 Movie
To state the speaker’s disagreement To defend the speaker’s argument
To clear the misunderstanding To state the speaker’s own reason
Dispreferred Response
Preferred Response
To show that the speaker is not interested in the topic
To state the speaker’s own opinion
