Notes
No Number of Datum
Italic Shows the function of the dialogue
Underline Shows the dispreferred response
Types AD
Assessment-Disagreement Functions
IOR InvitationOffer-Refusal
1 To state the speaker’s disagreement RR
Request-Refusal 2 To defend the speaker’s argument
QNA Question-NoUnexpected Answer
3 To clear the misunderstanding BA
Blame-Admission 4 To state the speaker’s own reason
5 To show that the speaker is not interested in the topic 6 To state the speaker’s opinion
D. Research Instrument
As the research methodology was using the qualitative methodology, the primary instrument of the research was the researcher herself
.
The other instrument for supporting the researcher was a data sheet of the data chosen
from How to Train Your Dragon 2 movie
.
The researcher’s role was important in the qualitative research because the researcher was the one
participated in collecting the data until giving the result of this study
.
E. Data Analysis Techniques
Bogdan and Biklen 1982: 740 define qualitative data analysis as working with data, organizing them, breaking them into manageable units,
synthesizing them, searching for patterns, discovering what is important and what is to be learned, and deciding what the researcher will tell others
.
This means that the data analysis of the qualitative research starts from organizing
the data until the result was being identified
.
Several steps were taken to analyze the data
.
1. The researcher analyzed each datum taken from the movie script according to the theories in the literature review
.
2. The researcher re-analyzed the data until the relevant data were reached
.
3. The researcher wrote the conclusion of the result
.
F. Data Trustworthiness
Trustworthiness of a research report lies at the heart of issues conventionally discussed as validity and reliability Scale via Golafshani,
2003: 601
.
To ensure the reliability in qualitative research, examination of trustworthiness is crucial
.
The reliability and validity of the qualitative research depends on the ability and the effort of the researcher Golafshani,
2003: 600
.
According to Burns 1994: 293 “reliability is concerned with giving the same result consistently under the same conditions, while validity
concerned with an assessment or judgment measuring what is supposed to measure
.
” Since the qualitative research deals with human beings, when measuring
something reliably, it may well not be valid
.
Thus, in qualitative research there is a commonly employed technique to enhance the trustworthiness
.
This method is called triangulation
.
Patton explained that triangulation is typically a strategy for improving the validity and reliability of research of findings
Patton via Golafshani, 2003: 604
.
