Background of Study INTRODUCTION

movies could be analyzed using many methods . One of them is using pragmatic approach . According to Yule 1996: 4, “pragmatics is the study of the relationships between linguistics forms and the users of those forms . ” Under this study, there are two problems found in the movie How to Train Your Dragon 2 . The problems are speech act and adjacency pairs . The first problem is speech act . Speech act is the act of how people do something through their utterances, for example apologizing, thanking, complaining, and warning Nunan, 1993: 65 . Using the performative utterances, the particular utterances to perform speech act, the second speaker would be expected to do the things as what the first speaker said or asked . There are three levels to classify speech act . Those are locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act . The second problem is adjacency pairs . In adjacency pairs or also called the automatic sequences . The subfield under the adjacency pairs includes the preference structure, to describe whether the response given by the second speaker is a preferred or dispreferred one . Due to the limitation of the researcher’s knowledge, this study chooses only the dispreferred responses performed by the main male character in How to Train Your Dragon 2, Hiccup . The utterances of Hiccup while responding to other characters are the main focus of this study . The dispreferred responses performed by Hiccup in this movie lead to two research questions which could be formulated as follows . 1 . What types of dispreferred responses are performed by Hiccup in How to Train Your Dragon 2 movie? 2 . What are the functions of dispreferred responses performed by Hiccup in How to Train Your Dragon 2 movie?

C. Objectives of the Study

Based on the formulation of the problem above, the objectives of the study are: 1 . to identify the types of the dispreferred responses performed by Hiccup in How to Train Your Dragon 2 movie, and 2 . to explain the functions of the dispreferred responses shown by Hiccup in How to Train Your Dragon 2 movie .

D. Significance of the Study

This study is expected to give theoretical and practical significance as follows . 1 . Theoretical significance The result of this study might be useful to distribute more of the research under the pragmatics field, particularly in term of dispreferred response subfield . 2 . Practical significance a . The result of this study might be useful as an additional source or reference to conduct the pragmatic research for the students of English Language and Literature study program majoring in linguistics . b . This result can also be used as the materials for the lecturers of English Language and Literature study program regarding the preference structure, particularly the dispreferred response .