Research Design RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter elaborates the method of the research that describes research design, research setting and subject, and research procedure. In addition, the research procedures cover the preliminary study, planning the action, implementing the action, observing the action and reflecting on the result of the action, including data, data resources, instrument and technique of data collection.

A. Research Design

This research employed a Classroom Action Research. This research was done by the teacher or practitioner in the classroom. It was aimed to reveal students’ difficulties in enhancing their speaking skill and to give the solutions to problems occurring by applying some games to solve students’ problem in speaking. According to Geoffrey E. Mills, Action Research is any systematic inquiry conducted by teacher researcher, principals, school counselor, or other stakeholders in the teaching learning environment to gather information about how their particular school operate, how they teach, and how well their students learn. 1 1 Geoffrey E.Mills, Action Research, A Guide for the Teacher Researcher. New Jersey: Merril Prentice Hall, 2003, p. 5. Classroom Action Research tends to be directly to achieving result in the classroom setting. The researcher change one thing and observes the effect of the change. CAR is combination between action and research. Action is conscious activity to certain aim in order to solve the problem or improve the teaching learning process. Research is an observing activity through scientific method by collecting and analyzing the important data to solve the problem. So, the CAR is an appropriate method to cover the research. The research is based on the real classroom problem. Actually, there are two types of Action Research; individual action research and collaborative action research. 2 In this study, the writer was using collaborative action research that collaborated with one of the English teachers of SMP YMJ. The teacher acted as an observer while the researcher acted as practitioner who taught by using determining the technique. The teacher is as an active participant who is not only functioning as an observer but also taking actions by making lesson plan and giving assessment. Then collected and analyzed the data together with the researcher. During the learning activities, the researcher and the teacher guided the students to speak. The researcher wanted to see the students’ speaking improvement during teaching learning activity. That was why the researcher used the communication games to solve that problem. The CAR used in this research is Kart Lewin’s design. He is generally considered the ‘father of action research’. He was the first to coin the term “action research”. His CAR design consists of four phases within one cycle. They are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. If the first finished but s till found any problem or there was no improvement, thus, it is necessary to continue to the second cycle with the same concept of the first cycle. Then so on. 2 Wijaya Kusumah, Mengenal Penelitian Tindak Kelas. Jakarta: PT Indeks, 2009, p. 9. Figure 3.1 Kurt Lewin’s Action Research Design 3 3 Michael J. Wallace, Action Research for Language Teachers…, p.14 ACTING PLANNING OBSERVING CYCLE I ACTING PLANNING OBSERVING CYCLE II REFLECTING REFLECTING

B. Research Setting and Subject