3 Using correct pronunciation and grammar 4 Creating an effect on the audience
5 Using appropriate vocabulary 6 Using an appropriate opening and closing.
15
4. The Purposes of Teaching Speaking
Teaching is a profession. Thus, teachers should pursue professional development to sharpen their teaching skills and maintain the quality of
profession. Teaching speaking is a very important part of first foreign language learning. McDonough said that “with the recent growth of
English as an international language of communication, there is clearly a need for many learners to speak and interact in multiplicity of situation
through the language, be it for foreign travel, business or other professional reason.
16
However, todays world requires that the goal of teaching speaking should improve students communicative skills, because, only in that way,
students can express themselves and learn how to follow the social and cultural rules appropriate in each communicative circumstance.
17
“To teach speaking is necessary to understand the process involved in speech.
Through speech one can express emotion, communicates intentions, react, to other persons and situations influence other human being.”
18
Based on Bullock Report in Jon Davinson and Jane Dowson it is stated “The teacher’s role should be one of planned intervention, and his
15
Jack C. Richard, Teaching Listening and Speaking From Theory to Practice, Cambridge University, 2008 p. 28.
16
Jo McDonough and Christoper Shaw, Material and Method in ELT, UK: Backwell and Cambridge, 1993, p. 151.
17
Hayriye Kayi
,
Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language.
Nevada: University of Nevada, Internet TESL Journal, Vol. XII, No. 11, November 2006, p. 1. From: http:iteslj.org
http:iteslj.orgArticlesKayi-Teaching Speaking.html .
retrieved on august, 9, 2010
18
Wilga M. Rivers, Teaching Foreign Language Skills, 2
nd
edition, Chicago: the university of Chicago press, 1981, p. 90.
purpose and the means of fulfilling them must be clear in his mind. Important among these purposes should be intention to increase the
complexity of the child’s thinking, so that he does not rest on the mere expression of opinion but uses language in an exploratory way”.
19
Moreover, Taylor said “the goal or the aim of speaking component in a language class should be to encourage the acquisition of
communication skills and to foster real communication in and out of the classroom”.
20
While another expert said, “The aim of communicative activities in class is to get learners to use the language they are learning to
interact in realistic and meaningful ways, usually involving exchange of information and opinion.
21
A teacher in a speaking class can contribute more than just teaching the students to speak in the target language. Having a good
interpersonal relationship in the classroom eased the students’ learning also contributes to the teacher’s well-being and performance in the class.
Thus, it is very important for the teacher to convey warmth and empathy toward the students, creating a cooperative and supportive learning
environment and providing educative learning experience that the students have the opportunity to develop as whole human beings.
So the writer concluded that the purpose of teaching speaking skills is communicative efficiency. Learners should be able to make themselves
understood, using their current proficiency to the fullest. They can make a good communication by using spoken words to exchange feelings, ideas,
opinion, and share information with the interlocutor, so they can understand and know something about the people who speak the language.
19
Jon Davinson and Jane Dowson, Learning to Teach English in the Secondary School 2
nd
Edition, New York: Routledgefalmer, 2003, p. 98.
20
Marrianne Celce Murcia ed. Teaching English as a Second Language, Boston Massachussetts: Heinle Publishers, 1991, Vol.2. p. 126
21
Jim Scrivener, Learning Teaching; A Guide Book for English Language Teachers, 2
nd
Ed,. Macmillan, 2005, p. 152
Hence, it is essential that language teachers pay great attention to teaching speaking. Rather than leading students to pure memorization, providing a
rich environment where meaningful communication takes place is desired. Teacher also must create the best situation for real communication in the
classroom.
5. Kinds of Speaking Activities
