adapt their own responses and questions according to the need of the listener”.
6
Communication is a collaborative achievement in which the speakers negotiate meaning in order to achieve the goal. Therefore, the
speaker’s communicative success will be partly determined by the skills of the other person.
7
In a typical interaction, two or more people talk to each other about things that they are mutually interesting and relevant in the
situation. The aim can be to pass the time, amuse each other, share opinions or getting something done, or they can aim to do several of these
and other things together.
8
Communication will occur between two or more people. They use it for achieving their particular purpose or intention. “When two people are
engaged in talking to each other we can be fairly sure that they are doing so for good reasons”.
9
The reasons are in these following explanations:
a. They want to say something.
The speakers make definite decisions to address other people.
b. They have some communicative Purpose
The speakers want something to happen as a result of what they say. They may want to charm their listener. In this case, they are interested
in achieving this communicative purpose, what is the important is the message they wish to convey and the effect they want it to have.
c. They select from their language store.
Speakers have an infinite capacity to create new sentences. In order to achieve the communicative purpose they will select from the store of
6
Caroline Woods, Teaching and Assessing Skills in Foreign Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 41.
7
David Nunan, Second Language Teaching and Learning, Boston: HeinleHeinle Publisher, 1999, p. 236.
8
Sari Louma, Assessing Speaking, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 20
9
Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching New Edition, New York: Longman, 1991, p. 47.
language process the language they think is appropriate for this purpose.
The writer concludes Speaking as a skill of language. The Language has transactional and interactional function, so it is used not
only as a means of communication but also as a means of relating and building up relationship with other people. Therefore, the writer
considered speaking as the way of communicating particular issues to other people. It is understood that by speaking people are able to express
their feelings, ideas, emotions, thoughts, opinions, and bring into accord of different perspectives, deliver some purpose to the interlocutor, and also
shares information to others. Speaking is the skill that the students will be judged upon most in
real-life situations. It is an important part of everyday interaction and most often the first impression of a person is based on their ability to speak
fluently and comprehensibly. So, the teacher has a responsibility to prepare the students as much as possible to be able to speak in English in
the real world outside the classroom and the testing room.
2. The Elements of Speaking
