3 Frequently uses the wrong words; conversation
somewhat limited because of inadequate vocabulary. 2
Misuse of words and very limited vocabulary make comprehension quite difficult
1 Vocabulary limitations so extreme as to make
conversation virtually impossible.
Fluency
5 Speech as fluent and effortless as that of a native
speaker 4
Speed of speech seems to be slightly affected by language problems
3 Speed and fluency are rather strongly affected by
language problems. 2
Usually hesitant; often forced into silence by language problem.
1 Speech is so halting and fragmentary as to make
conversation virtually impossible
Comprehension
5 Appears to understand everything without difficulty.
4 Understands nearly everything at normal speed,
although occasional repetition may be necessary. 3
Understands most of what is said at slower-than normal speed with repetitions.
2 Has great difficulty following what is said. Can
comprehend only “social conversation” spoken slowly and with frequent repetitions.
1 Cannot be said to understand even simple
conversational English.
Note: maximum sore = 25
Cited from Harris, 1969: 18
Score = the result of score x 100 Maximum score
G. Technique of Data Analysis
The process of data analysis was conducted from preparation activity to the last cycle. The data will be gathered using from observation, interview,
questionnaire, and test. The data from observation and interview were analyze by descriptive analysis, while the data from test and questionnaire were
analyzed by using numerical data, and then it is compared between students’ score in pre-test and post-test. Then it were interpreted to answer the research
question and to draw some conclusion of the research.
In analyzing numerical data, the writer finds out the average of students’ speaking score of action within one cycle. It uses the formula:
7
X
: mean X
i
: individual score n : number of students
Next, to know the class percentage which passes the Minimum Mastery Criterion- Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal KKM 70, the writer uses the
formula:
8
P : the class percentage F : total percentage score
N : number of students The last, after mean of students’ scores of action is gained, the writer
analyzes whether there is or there are no improvement scores on speaking from pre-test up to post-test score in cycle 1 and cycle 2. She uses the
formula:
9
P : percentage of students’ improvement
7
Sudjana, Metoda Statistika, Bandung: PT. Tarsito, 2002, p. 67
8
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistika Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p.43
9
David E. Meltzer, The Relationship between Mathematics Preparation and Conceptual Learning Gains in Physics: A Possible Hidden Variable in Diagnostic Pretest Scores,Iowa:
Department of Physic and Astronomy, 2008, p.3
n xi
X
P =
100
N F
P =
100
1
y y
y
y : pre-test result y
1
: post-test 1
P : percentage of students’ improvement y : pre-test result
y
2
: post-test 2 The formula used to analyze data from the percentage of questionnaire
result:
n : number of students who answered the option N : number of all students in the class
P =
100
2
y y
y
100
N
n
43
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS
This chapter elaborates the result of the action research. They were presented the data gathered from the activities of CAR. These activities
covered data from the observation, interview, questionnaire, observational notes, tests, the implementation of teaching speaking through communication
games activities and improvement result of CAR.
A. Findings before implementing the CAR
A preliminary study was conducted to get data about the factual conditions of the problems faced by the teacher and students in the teaching
learning process of speaking class. The preliminary study was conducted on March 11
st
– March 24
th
, 2011 which was done by a observing the process of teaching learning activity in the classroom, b interviewing the English
teachers in terms of the techniques and activities employed in teaching speaking, c giving questionnaire to the students in terms of learning English,
and d assigning the students to respond some expression in order to identify the students’ real competence and problems in speaking ability. It was held at
seventh grade of SMP YMJ Yayasan Miftahul Jannah Ciputat. The result of preliminary study will become a consideration in formulating planning in
cycle 1.
