. Background of the study

CHAPTER 1

1.1 . Background of the study

Language has main role, not only for linguists, students, and lecturers or in education, but also for business persons, politician, and other subject that need language as a medium to communicate. In another word, language actively manages life of people to get on with. Kramsch in Rahyono 2011:21 states that language is the principal means whereby we conduct our social lives. When it is used in contexts of communication, it is bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways. As an example of the application of Kramsch’s definition about language; for instances, some international events are broadcasted on television, internet or newspaper needs language as the medium to communicate the message or information as well as possible. Therefore, we cannot deny the existence of the language which occurs in our social lives. Language always becomes a fundamental part in our life, because it refers to the way we manage our social life. Pertaining to it, language works in another different way, namely, technology. Due to the rapid development of technology in 21st century, technology becomes a major part of the language itself to be a medium to communicate. It is spreading so fast in the world. We cannot stop the speed of technology development in human life. Furthermore, it gives us an opportunity to access everything easily without any bothering or any obstacle; as an obvious example, all humans in this world do not need to access internet by walking to Universitas Sumatera Utara internet station anymore or waiting for their turn to access internet; however, they have a lot of option to use internet whether using by phone, PC Personal Computer or laptop without limiting space and time. Consequently, the advancement of technology leads mankind to depend on technology which is applied in our computer, television, and GPS global positioning system, even on our phone. Also technology cannot be spread into our life without language. The relationship between technology and language is very tight, because technology is one medium to communicate with someone. When communicating with someone, we need language as the medium to convey messages. Unfortunately, we are not living in the world which unites humanity in one language. Stephen Juan, PhD, an anthropologist of University of Sydney, states via theregister.co.uk that more than 6,800 living languages spoken in the world. With that huge number of languages, humanity needs a solution to prevent the misunderstood meaning while communicating; therefore, translation is the only way to solve the language problem. Newmark 1981:7 says, “Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message andor statement in one language by the same message andor statement in another language.” Translation is not merely changing words, but also transferring of culture equivalence with the culture of the original language and the recipient of that language as well as possible and implement it according to the recipient language Muchtar 2013: 2. The better translation must be accepted by all Universitas Sumatera Utara people in logic and based on fact; thus, the message contained in the source language can satisfy the target-language reader with the information within. Prochazka in Garvin’s A Prague School Reader on Esthetics, Literary Structure and Style in Venutti 2000:131 defines a good translation in terms of certain requirements which must be made by the translator, namely 1 “He must understand the original word thematically and stylistically”; 2 “he must overcome the differences between the two linguistic structures”; and 3 “he must reconstruct the stylistic structures of the original work in his translation.” The beneficial effect of translation is absolutely we may look at in many ways; for instances, in various written text, such as books, magazines, newspaper, poem, etc. Translation truly helps people to know about information which at the beginning, we do not know at all because of the language problem, and then we know everything because the text is translated or transferred into our native tongue. Translation is not translation literally, if people forget the role of translator. Translation and translator are like two pieces of coin which cannot be separated. Translator truly makes source language text become known for native people who do not know about the text before. Translator also helps to introduce the culture of both source language and target language to the reader. One of the real examples which we can look about the result of translation is user guide book or text. Commonly, user guide is made for the reader, so they know how operate some device or utensil exactly, such as television, radio, air conditioner, phone, and et cetera. The function of user guide is to communicate about how the Universitas Sumatera Utara technology works applied in the device and to help the readers by giving some information which guides the readers to know how useful the device is. It is important to know that most of the user guide is a written text. Generally, this written text is written in two languages or more. Because it facilitates the readers for getting know the information through their language. Here, translation plays a role. The role of translation, in this case is expressed in the form of user guide written text is as the bridge to connect one language to another language or more. Better to know that bearing in mind user guide is very sensitive text for the translator to translate and for the reader to read, because it will mislead the reader if the translator does not take into account the transferring meaning process of the user guide. Therefore, most of the user guide is done by professional translator to cut down on the percentage of wrong translation, even to rule out the mistaken translation. As a real prove of product or result of translation, in this case, the user guide. iPhone 3Gs user guide become the object of the research. In addition, iPhone is one of the well-known mobile phone in the world produced and created by Apple and it has been sold more than 1 million units over the world based on en.wikipedia.orgwikiIPhone_3GS. Due to its popularity in common phone user and it is used by everyone over the world. Apple realizes to help the user by giving User Guide as guidance for the user and the reader to understand and comprehend how to use this phone easily. Most of the user guides is written in English, due to English is international language. In Indonesia, Apple also gives the user guide not Universitas Sumatera Utara only in English text, but also in Indonesian and of course the translation is done by highly professional translator. This research analyses about the technique of translation of iPhone 3GS User Guide into Indonesian. This research is very interesting topic; for the reason that the user guide which consists of two languages, English as source language SL and Indonesian as target language TL is able to indicates a form of translation and demonstrates the use of technique of translation within technical terminology. Technical terminology actually consists of two words, technical and terminology. Technical in Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary 2008:455 is of a particular subject or concerned with the practical use in machinery, methods, etc in science or industry. Terminology in Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary 2008:458 is special words and expressions used in a particular subject. Thus, Technical terminology can be concluded as word or phrase of a particular subject used as the name of something; for instance, set up, voice control, and intelligent keyboard. Related to analysis, the technical terminology becomes main object of this analysis, because it shows changes that occur when a term in English translated into Indonesian. Some changes are indicated by a change in the structure and form of the word; some words are translated more longer than SL, and some word are shortened after translated, some word also shows meaning shift; nevertheless, the changes that occur still refers to the technique of translation which applied by the translator. In this analysis, some terms are shown in technical form; for instances, gadget and feature; then, the analysis shows how the form after translating and what Universitas Sumatera Utara technique the translator applied in the text; for instance, Finger Tips is translated into Semudah menjentikkan Jari Tangan, it is an example of discursive creation technique, because the translation is totally unpredictable out of context and some words have no relation in meaning if the phrase is translated literally. All findings of the analysis are shown in tabular. Furthermore, this study will open the readers mind about how important the translation from SL to TL in giving comprehension and understanding about the product iPhone 3GS.

1.2 . Problem of Analysis