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CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS
A. Introduction
This chapter presents the analysis of the data related to the translation techniques. The analysis of the data of the Indonesian cultural terms is focused on
words and phrases level translated into English. The accuracy and the acceptability in translating the Indonesian cultural terms into English are also
analyzed in the bilingual tourism booklet of Surakarta. Based on the data, there are eight classifications of the translation techniques applied. Those classifications
are: shifttransposition, transference or loan word borrowing, cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, addition, reduction, literal translation, and couplet
transference plus functional equivalent. The next part of this chapter analyzes about the accuracy of the translation.
There are three raters chosen by the researcher. Those raters are the foreigners becoming English native speakers. They complete the questionnaires made by the
researcher and also give the scores toward the accuracy level based on the scale of 1 - 4. This part is aimed to analyze whether the translation is accurate or not.
The last part of this chapter presents the analysis of the translation acceptability. The analysis of the data is based on the results of the questionnaires
obtained from the same raters three persons who also rated the translation accuracy. They complete the questionnaires and give the scores of the translation
based on the scale of 1-3. In completing the questionnaires, the raters are also free to write some reasons in the data where they give the related score.
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B. Data Analysis
1. The analysis of the translation techniques In the translation techniques, the researcher uses translation techniques that
are proposed by Newmark. This section presents the techniques applied by the translator to translate the Indonesian cultural terms into English in the bilingual
tourism booklet entitled “Profil Wisata Kota Solo: Tourism Profile of Solo”. There are eight techniques found, there are:
a. Shift or Transposition Structure Shift: Head – Modifier into Modifier - Head Shift Catford’s term or Transposition Vinay and Dalbernet’s term is a
translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from SL to TL Newmark, 1988: 85. The type of shift found based on the data is structure shift.
This is a shift in grammatical structure including change in word order. Structure shift occurs when an SL grammatical structure does not exist in the TL.
Here is the example of the datum no. 009 that belongs to this category: SL : Sebagian besar dari zaman Majapahit 1293-1476 dan Mataram 1586-1755
masa kekaisaran, tarian topeng klasik, wayang orang, pakaian, wayang kulit dan wayang kayu, patung-patung keagamaan, perhiasan, dan benda-benda antik serta
pusaka-pusaka lainnya. TL : Most of them were from Majapahit era 1293-1478 and Mataram era 1586-
1755 at the time of the empire, classical mask dance, human wayang drama, dresses, leather puppet and wooden puppet, religious statues, jewelry, and antique
matters, also other valuable heirlooms. p.3
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SL Indonesian :
Wayang Kulit H
M TL English
: Leather Puppet
M H
In Indonesian, the word “Wayang” must precede its modifier “Kulit”. Meanwhile, in English, the word “Leather” that functions as modifier precedes the
word “Puppet” having functions as the head in the noun phrase. Actually, there are 36 data or 28.35 that belong to this classification.
b. Addition The addition technique is usually applied by the translator to add the
clearer information to the target readers. The additional information added by the translator is normally cultural, technical, or linguistic and is dependent on the
requirement of his readership Newmark, 1988: 91. Below is the example of the datum that belongs to this category:
SL Indonesian: Sebuah taman rekreasi di Jl. Ir. Sutami yang terletak di tepi Bengawan Solo. datum no. 034, p. 18
TL English: A recreation park in Jl. Ir. Sutami which located at the side of Bengawan Solo river .
The above example shows that the translator adds the word “river” in English translation. Here, the addition technique is applied by the translator in order to
give the clearer understanding toward the message conveyed from the ST. The other example of this category is:
SL: Di halaman utara terdapat menara Panggung Sanggabuwana yang sering disebut sebagai tempat bertemu Raja dengan Kanjeng Ratu Kidul datum no.
003, penguasa Laut Selatan. p. 2
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TL: In the yard of the palace, there is a tower called Panggung Sanggabuwana, a mysterious place for the King to meet Her Majesty Queen of the
S outh
, the ruler of the Southern - Sea.
In this context, the addition of the word “her” in the English translation is useful. In this context, the translator uses the word “her” as the established
protocol. It describes about the King Paku Buwono II having the relationship with the “ruler” of the Southern – Sea Kanjeng Ratu Kidul which is a “ghost”. There
are six data 4.73 related to this category. c. Transference Loan word Borrowing
This translation technique is commonly called borrowing. Newmark calls this technique as transference. This technique is usually applied when there is not
yet an equivalent of the certain word or it is applied to appreciate the SL word term. It is done simply by using a loan word from the SL and putting it into the
TL. Generally, it is only cultural “object” or concept that should be transferred Newmark, 1988:81. Here is the example of the datum related to this category:
SL: Pura Mangkunegaran datum no. 005 menyimpan koleksi yang tak ternilai harganya. p. 3
TL: Pura Mangkunegaran has invaluable collections. When the target readers read this term, they may be confused. It is because
they do not really know about what Pura Mangkunegaran is. For the foreign people that never know about Pura Mangkunegaran, they will automatically
confused about this translation. In this case, the translator applies pure borrowing, in which heshe purely transferred the Indonesian term into English. In fact, there
are many foreigners that do not know about the term. In this case, the raters rated
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this data knows about what Pura Mangkunegaran is. However, it may be better if “Pura Mangkunegaran ” is translated into “Pura Mangkunegaran one of the
palaces in Solo”. There are 22 data or 17.32 related to this category. d. Cultural equivalent
This is a translation technique applied to find the equivalence of the cultural terms. Newmark states that this technique is applied when the SL cultural
word is translated by a TL cultural word Newmark, 1988:83. As we know, the term that is related to cultural matter is a serious problem to find its equivalence.
It also depends on translators’ competence to produce the good result of translation.
Here is the example of the datum related to the category: SL: Klenteng datum no. 49 yang berada tepat di seberang Pasar Gede ini sudah
berdiri sejak tahun 1746 M. p. 7 TL: The t emple
is located across the Pasar Gede was built in 1746 AD. In this case, the translator translates the term “Klenteng” into “Temple” in
English. It is good to translate “Klenteng” into “Temple”, because the foreigners tend to have the understanding about temple in their culture. However, the
translator suggests the translation of “Klenteng” in this case to be “China temple”. Therefore, it is no problem to translate like stated above in the bilingual booklet.
There are 13 data or 10.23 that belong to this category. e. Functional Equivalent
This technique is used when a SL cultural word has no TL equivalent. This is applied to cultural words. It requires the use of a culture - free word Newmark,
1988:83. This technique is the accurate way of translating a cultural word as what
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proposed by Newmark. The example of this category is:
SL : Wayang orang Sriwedari telah berjasa besar dalam ikut melestarikan
kebudayaan bangsa, yaitu seni wayang orang, seni tari, seni busana, seni suara, serta seni
karawitan datum no. 025, p.12
TL : Human Wayang of Sriwedari has given a huge contribution for
conservating traditional culture, such as human wayang art, dancing art, fashion art, singing art, and Javanese orchestra art.
Actually, the Indonesian term “Seni karawitan” has no equivalent in the target language English. In this case, “Seni karawitan” is translated by using the
culture – free word as proposed by Newmark into “Javanese orchestra art”. It is because the word “Orchestra” is common for the target readers’ culture.
Therefore, the translation above makes the target readers understand the translation easily. There are 13 data 10.23 that belong to this category.
f. Reduction This is a technique in which the information message is given implicitly
in the TL. In contrast, the SL information is explicit one. This technique is in contrast with amplification technique. This is rather imprecise translation
technique practiced intuitively in some cases Newmark, 1988:90. It is to suppress a SL into item in TL.
Here is the example of this category SL
: Gladag Langen Bogan datum no. 055 sebuah penguat bagi sebutan Solo sebagai kota yang tak pernah tidur. p. 34
TL : Galabo emphazises more the so – called Solo as the city that never sleep.
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In this case, the translator translates “Gladag Langen Bogan” implicitly into “Galabo”. Of course, it will automatically affect the confusion of the target
readers in understanding the meaning of “Gladag Langen Bogan”. Foreigners who already visited Solo mostly do not know what “Gladag Langen Bogan” is.
However, the translator only translates it into “Galabo”. The researcher thinks that it is not translated well. The translator only reduces the term just like an
abbreviation. It should be better if the term “Gladag Langen Bogan” is translated into “Gladag Langen Bogan an outdoor culinary area set up at night time”.
There is 1 datum 0.79 that belongs to this category. g. Literal Translation
Literal translation is the translation technique to translate a word or an expression word for word. This is normally applied in the recognized - terms
Newmark, 1988:85. Here is the example of this category:
SL : Karaton Kasunanan Karaton Solo Hadiningrat dibangun tahun 1745
oleh Raja Paku Buwono II. datum no.002, p. 2 TL
: Kasunanan Palace Karaton Solo Hadiningrat was built in 1745 by King Paku Buwono the 2
nd
From the example above, it is clear that the translation is translated word – for - word in the same structure between SL and TL. There are 10 data 7.88
that belong to this category. h. Couplet Transference plus functional equivalent
The researcher found that there are data that are more suitable to be included into this technique. Actually, Newmark proposes the couplet
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technique, that is combine two or more techniques to solve a single problem Newmark, 1988:91. It can be the combination of transference with functional or
a cultural equivalent Newmark, 1988:90. This technique is particularly common in dealing with culture specific items. The loan word can then be used in its own:
the reader can understand it and is not distracted by further lengthy explanation. This technique is a combination of the loan word from SL plus explanation
of the related loan word. Applying this technique is very useful because the translator both can appreciate the original term of the SL and can transfer it by
borrowing the SL term with explanation about the term. Here is the example of the category:
SL : Koleksi Museum Radya Pustaka terdiri dari beragam benda bersejarah
bernilai tinggi seperti keris, g amelan
datum no. 017, p.4, patung-patung batu dan perunggu, wayang kulit, keramik, dll.
TL : There are many ancient heritages with high historical values such as
keris, gamelan a set of Javanese orchestra, statues made from stone and bronze, leather puppet, ceramics, etc.
The translation adds the additional information about what Gamelan is in the TL. The technique is applied by putting the original loan term “Gamelan”
from SL plus giving clear explanation additional information functional equivalent about what gamelan is. There are 26 data 20.47 that belong to this
category.
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Table 3 The Distribution of Translation Techniques
No. Datum
Indonesian English
Kinds of Techniques
001 Karaton Kasunanan
Solo Kasunanan Solo
Palace Shift Transposition
002 Raja Paku Buwono
II King Paku Buwono
the 2
nd
Literal Translation 003
Kanjeng Ratu Kidul
Her Majesty Queen of the South
Addition
004 Keris
Keris wavy double bladder dagger
Javanese traditional weapons
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
005 Pura
Mangkunegaran Pura Mangkunegaran
Transference 006
Karaton indah pura=karaton=ista
na gorgeous pura
palace Addition
007 Kanjeng Gusti
Pangeran Adipati Aryo KGPAA
Mangkunegoro I KGPAA a title for
king Mangkunegoro the 1
st
Addition
008 Wayang Orang
Human Wayang drama
Addition 009
Wayang Kulit Leather Puppet
Shift Transposition 010
Wayang Kayu Wooden Puppet
Shift Transposition 011
Pendapa balairung istana,
tempat menerima tamu
Pendapa a room to entertain guests
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
012 Dalem balairung
utama Dalem main room
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
013 Bale Peni tempat
tinggal putra pangeran
“Bale Peni” the room for princes
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
014 Bale Warni tempat
tinggal para putri “Bale Warni” the
room for princesses Couplet transference
plus functional equivalent
015 Kanjeng Adipati
Sosrodiningrat IV Kanjeng Adipati
Sosrodiningrat IV Transference
016 Pepatih Dalem
Prime Minister Cultural equivalent
017 Gamelan
Gamelan a set of Javanese orchestra
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
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018 Galeri Batik Kuno
Danarhadi Danarhadi Antiques
Batik Museum Shift Transposition
019 Ndalem
Wuryaningratan Wuryaningratan
House Shift Transposition
020 Paku Buwono X
King Paku Buwono the 10
th
Literal Translation 021
Bale PERSIS PERSIS Hall
Shift Transposition 022
Loji Gandrung Loji Gandrung
Transference 023
Selo Pass Selo Pass
Transference 024
Wayang Orang Sriwedari
Sriwedari Human Wayang
Shift Transposition 025
Seni karawitan Javanese orchestra art
Functional equivalent 026
Wayang Kulit Shadow Puppet
Shift Transposition 027
Dalang Dalang narrator and
puppeteer of traditional shadow
plays Couplet transference
plus functional equivalent
028 Sinden
Sinden female singer
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
029 Wayang Bocah
Children Wayang Shift Transposition
030 Sanggar tari
wayang bocah Soeryo Sumirat
Wayang Bocah Soeryo Sumirat Dance
Group Shift Transposition
031 Ketoprak
Balekambang Balekambang
Ketoprak Shift Transposition
032 “Tobong” atau
panggung darurat “Tobong”, the local
name for a temporary stage
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
033 Taman Satwataru
Jurug Jurug Zoo
Shift Transposition 034
Bengawan Solo Bengawan Solo River
Addition 035
Kebon Rojo atau Taman Raja
Kebon Rojo or the Park of the King
Literal Translation 036
Kampoeng Batik Laweyan
Laweyan Batik Village
Shift Transposition 037
”beteng” “fortress”
Cultural equivalent 038
Kampoeng Batik Kauman
Kauman Batik Village
Shift Transposition 039
Batik klasik motif pakem batik tulis
original motives of classic batik
handmade batik Shift Transposition
040 Batik murni cap
pure printing batik Shift Transposition
041 sutra tenun
weaved silk materials Addition 042
Kampoeng Baluwarti
Baluwarti Village Shift Transposition
043 Abdi dalem
the King’s servants Functional equivalent
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keraton 044
becak becak pedicab
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
045 Masjid Agung
Karaton Kasunanan Surakarta
The Great Mosque of Kasunanan Solo
Palace Shift Transposition
046 Masjid Al-Wustho
Pura Mangkunegaran
Pura Mangkunegaran’s Al-
Wustho Mosque Shift Transposition
047 GKJ Margoyudan
Community Christian Church GKJ of
Margoyudan Couplet transference
plus functional equivalent
048 Klenteng Tri
Dharma Avalokitesvara
Tri Dharma Avalokitesvara
Temple Shift Transposition
049 Klenteng
Temple Cultural equivalent
050 Pasar Klewer
Klewer Market Shift Transposition
051 Pasar Gede
Gede Market Shift Transposition
052 Pasar Windujenar
Windujenar market Shift Transposition
053 Pasar klithikan
notoharjo Notoharjo spare parts
Market Shift Transposition
054 benda klithikan
spare parts Cultural equivalent
055 Gladag Langen
Bogan Galabo
Reduction 056
kantil magnolias
Cultural equivalent 057
Pasar Legi pasar sembako
Legi market groceries market
Shift Transposition 058
sembako primary needs
Cultural equivalent 059
karak karak
Transference 060
kerupuk a kind of cracker
Functional Equivalent 061
bleng natural brine
Functional Equivalent 062
rambak udel rambak udel
Transference 063
gudeg cakar gudeg cakar
Transference 064
selat solo salad ala Solo
Literal Translation 065
Dawet gempol pleret
dawet gempol pleret Transference
066 gempol
rice flour ball Functional Equivalent
067 pleret
glutinous rice and brown sugar
Functional Equivalent 069
ketan glutinous rice
Functional Equivalent 069
wedang ronde wedang ronde
Transference 070
kolang kaling yang diiris tipis
slight sliced of sugar palm fruit
Shift Transposition 071
pecel pecel
Transference 072
kenikir kenikir
Transference 073
bumbu pecel dried spicy peanut
Functional Equivalent
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gravy 074
cabuk rambak cabuk rambak
Transference 075
iris-irisan tipis ketupat
sliced rice cakes Literal Translation
076 kuah wijen
sesame sauce Cultural equivalent
077 karak
rice crackers Functional Equivalent
078 intip kerak nasi
yang dijemur kemudian dan
digoreng intip made from
dried-and-then-fried rice crust
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
079 sate buntel
sate buntel wrapped satay
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
080 timlo solo
timlo solo Transference
081 racikan soun
transparent bean flour vermicelli
Functional Equivalent 082
jamur kuping edible fungushes
Shift Transposition 083
kacang kapri snow peas
Cultural equivalent 084
kembang gayam sosis jawa
Javanese sausage Cultural equivalent
085 sate kere
sate kere Pauper’s satay
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
086 tempe gembus
ampas tahu yang direbus
gembus fermented soybean boiled
soybean curd dregs Couplet transference
plus functional equivalent
087 beras kencur
minuman dari perasan beras dan
kencur yang ditumbuk halus
beras kencur a beverage that made
from pounded and squeezed rice and
galingale Couplet transference
plus functional equivalent
088 jamu
traditional medicinal herb
Functional Equivalent 089
wedang jahe wedang jahe
Transference 090
tengkleng masakan mirip
dengan gulai tulang kambing
tengkleng a Javanese curry with chopped
sheep bones Couplet transference
plus functional equivalent
091 sate jeroan
innards satays Shift Transposition
092 kandungan
uteruses Cultural equivalent
093 nasi liwet nasi
yang dimasak dengan santan
nasi liwet rice cooked in coconut
milk Couplet transference
plus functional equivalent
094 sambal goreng
jipan spicy gourd curry
Functional equivalent 095
kumut terbuat dari santan dan
kumut a savory thick sauce from of
Couplet transference plus functional
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rasanya sangat gurih
coconut milk equivalent
096 opor ayam
kampong dan telur chicken and egg curry Shift Transposition
097 roti kecik
roti kecik Transference
098 tepung cengkaruk
tepung ketan yang diolah secara
khusus, digoreng, kemudian diayak
cengkaruk glutinous rice starch that ben
fried and sieved Couplet transference
plus functional equivalent
099 serabi
serabi Transference
100 cikal bakal Kota
Solo ancestor of Solo
Literal Translation 101
Halaman Siti HinggiL Karaton
Solo Solo Palace’s Hall
Courtyard Shift Transposition
102 Astana Oetara
Astana Oetara Transference
103 Paseboan
meditation place Functional equivalent
104 Jend Gatot
Subroto General Gatot
Subroto Literal Translation
105 Sekaten adalah
perayaan hari kelahiran Nabi
Muhammad SAW Sekaten is the
celebration of the Prophet Muhammad
SAW’s birthday Couplet transference
plus functional equivalent
106 Gunungan
Gunungan a large mound of traditional
foods Couplet transference
plus functional equivalent
107 Grebeg Syawal
Grebeg Syawal Transference
108 Gunungan estri
gunungan estri female mound
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
109 Gunungan jaler
Gunungan jaler male mound
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
110 prajurit tamtama
tamtama troops Shift Transposition
111 Grebeg besar Idul
Adha Grebeg besar Idul
Adha Transference
112 Grebeg Pasa
Grebeg Pasa Transference
113 Abdi dalem
“Pareden” atau gunungan satu rakit
dua buah a set of gunungan –
called abdi dalem “Pareden”
Couplet transference plus functional
equivalent
114 Grebeg Mulud
Grebeg Mulud Transference
115 Tahun Dal
Dal Year Shift Transposition
116 Jumat Kliwon
Friday Kliwon Shift Transposition
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117 Minggu Pahing
Sunday Pahing Shift Transposition
118 ISKS Pakoe
Boewono dan GK Ratu Alit
ISKS Pakoe Boewono with GK
Ratu Alit Literal Translation
119 Pawon dapur
Gondorasan Pawon kitchen
“Gondorasan” Literal Translation
120 “adang” atau
menanak nasi “adang” or to cook
rice Literal Translation
121 Ruwatan
Ruwatan Transference
122 tirakatan
ascetic act Cultural equivalent
123 Sukerta kesialan
diri sukerta personal bad
luck Couplet transference
plus functional equivalent
124 “sukerta” bumi
atau tempat tinggal earth’s or hometowns
bad luck Shift Transposition
125 sarasehan
informal discussion Cultural equivalent
126 Kirab pusaka
Heirlooms carnival Cultural equivalent
127 1 Asyura
Asyura 1 Shift Transposition
2. The Analysis of Translation Accuracy The translation accuracy is analyzed based on the score given by the three
raters. The accuracy level of the translation is analyzed based on the result of the questionnaires delivered to the raters. They should choose one of the four options,
they are: 1. Accurate, 2. Less accurate, 3. Inaccurate, and 4. Very inaccurate. The researcher also provides a space for the reasons or comments why they decided to
choose their options. The three raters give the scores to each datum based on the rating system as follows:
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Table 4 Accuracy Scale of the Translation of Cultural Terms
Point Definition
Criteria Score
4 Accurate
The translation of cultural terms is considered accurate if the content or
message of the original source text Indonesian in form of words and
phrases is accurately conveyed to the target text English.
4.0
3 Less
accurate The content of the Indonesian cultural
terms source text is conveyed to the English cultural terms target text,
although not totally 3.0-3.9
2 Inaccurate
The content of the Indonesian cultural terms source text is not accurately
conveyed to the target text English . 1.1-2.9
1 Very
inaccurate The content of the original source text
Indonesian is not translated at all into the target text English, for example: it
is omitted or deleted. 1.0
The researcher makes calculation and finds the mean of the score after having the score from the raters. Then, the researcher counts the mean average
of the accuracy score given by the three raters. The classifications of accuracy level are as follows:
a. Category A is accurate translation consisting of the data with the average point 4.0
b. Category B is less accurate translation consisting of the data with the average point ranging from 3.0-3.9
c. Category C is inaccurate translation consisting of the data with the average point ranging from 1.1-2.9
d. Category D is very inaccurate translation consisting of the data with the average point 1.0
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Table 5 Accuracy Score of the Translation of the Cultural Terms
No. Data Rater I
Rater II Rater III
Mean George
Douglas Shane
1 3
4 4
3.67
2 4
3 2
3.00
3 4
3 2
3.00
4 4
3 4
3.67
5 3
3 3
3.00
6 2
3 4
3.00
7 4
3 3
3.33
8 3
4 3
3.33
9 4
4 4
4.00
10 4
4 4
4.00
11 4
4 4
4.00
12 3
4 4
3.67
13 4
4 4
4.00
14 4
4 4
4.00
15 3
4 3
3.33
16 4
4 4
4.00
17 4
4 4
4.00
18 3
3 3
3.00
19 4
4 4
4.00
20 4
3 3
3.33
21 4
4 4
4.00
22 3
4 2
3.00
23 4
4 4
4.00
24 3
4 3
3.33
25 4
3 4
3.67
26 4
4 4
4.00
27 4
4 4
4.00
28 4
4 4
4.00
29 3
4 3
3.33
30 4
3 3
3.33
31 4
4 4
4.00
32 3
4 4
3.67
33 4
4 4
4.00
34 3
4 4
3.67
35 4
4 4
4.00
36 3
4 4
3.67
37 4
4 4
4.00
38 3
4 4
3.67
39 4
4 4
4.00
40 3
4 4
3.67
41 4
3 3
3.33
42 4
4 4
4.00
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43 4
4 4
4.00
44 4
4 4
4.00
45 4
4 4
4.00
46 4
4 3
3.67
47 4
4 3
3.67
48 4
4 4
4.00
49 4
3 4
3.67
50 4
4 4
4.00
51 4
2 4
3.33
52 4
4 3
3.67
53 4
4 4
4.00
54 4
4 4
4.00
55 3
4 1
2.67
56 4
4 4
4.00
57 4
4 4
4.00
58 4
4 4
4.00
59 3
1 1
1.67
60 4
2 2
2.67
61 4
2 3
3.00
62 3
1 1
1.67
63 3
1 1
1.67
64 3
3 2
2.67
65 3
1 1
1.67
66 4
3 3
3.33
67 4
3 3
3.33
68 4
3 3
3.33
69 3
1 1
1.67
70 4
2 3
3.00
71 3
1 1
1.67
72 3
1 1
1.67
73 4
3 3
3.33
74 3
1 1
1.67
75 4
2 2
2.67
76 4
3 2
3.00
77 4
3 2
3.00
78 4
3 3
3.33
79 3
3 3
3.00
80 3
1 1
1.67
81 4
2 3
3.00
82 4
3 3
3.33
83 4
3 3
3.33
84 4
3 3
3.33
85 3
2 3
2.67
86 4
2 3
3.00
87 4
3 4
3.67
88 4
4 4
4.00
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89 3
1 1
1.67
90 4
3 4
3.67
91 4
3 3
3.33
92 3
3 3
3.00
93 4
4 4
4.00
94 4
3 3
3.33
95 4
4 4
4.00
96 4
4 4
4.00
97 3
1 1
1.67
98 3
3 3
3.00
99 3
1 1
1.67
100 3
4 4
3.67
101 3
3 3
3.00
102 3
1 1
1.67
103 4
4 4
4.00
104 4
4 4
4.00
105 3
4 4
3.67
106 3
4 4
3.67
107 3
1 1
1.67
108 4
4 4
4.00
109 4
4 4
4.00
110 4
4 4
4.00
111 3
1 1
1.67
112 3
1 1
1.67
113 3
2 2
2.33
114 3
1 1
1.67
115 4
4 4
4.00
116 3
1 2
2.00
117 3
1 2
2.00
118 3
4 3
3.33
119 3
4 4
3.67
120 3
4 4
3.67
121 3
1 1
1.67
122 4
3 4
3.67
123 4
4 4
4.00
124 3
4 4
3.67
125 4
4 4
4.00
126 3
4 4
3.67
127 4
1 1
2.00 TOTAL
456 395
394 414.67
Average 3.59
3.11 3.09
3.26
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a. Accurate Translation This category includes the data with the average score 4.0. There are 41
data from 127 data totally or 32.28 in this research that are considered as accurate translation. Some of them will be discussed further in the example
below: Example 2 datum 027:
SL : Kemampuan dalang adalah yang paling berperan terutama ketika
memainkan penokohan wayang. p. 13 TL
: Dalang narrator and puppeteer of traditional shadow plays is the most important role here.
The average score of the translation of the term above is 4.0. All of the three raters foreigners give score 4 for this translation. It means that the message
of the term from the SL Indonesian is accurately conveyed to the TL English according to the three raters. However, the researcher thinks that the translation of
the Indonesian term “Dalang” should be “Dalang the narrator and puppeteer of traditional shadow puppet plays. The researcher thinks that the additional
information of the term “puppet” is important for more accurately - conveyed message.
Example: datum no 026: SL
: Tokoh-tokoh wayang kulit berasal dari kisah klasik Ramayana dan Mahabharata yang mencerminkan kehidupan manusia. p. 13
TL : The characters of shadow puppets are developed from classic epics
Ramayana and Mahabharata, which is based on human life. The average score of the translation above is purely 4.0 from the three
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raters. According to R1, the meaning of the translation from SL is conveyed totally to the TL. The other raters also think the same consideration. However, R2
suggests the other translation for the Indonesian term “Wayang Kulit” that is “Leather Puppet” for shadow theater.
The researcher herself considers that the term “Leather Puppet” is more suitable to be the translation of “Wayang kulit”, for it is commonly known broadly
even by foreigners loving Indonesian culture. However, the three raters think that the message from the SL is not dangerously distorted to the TL. As in their
understanding, the word is about “Puppet=Wayang”. b. Less Accurate Translation
This category involves the data with the average score ranging from 3.0 - 3.9. From the data analyzed by the researcher, the less accurate data is the most
category to find. It covers 59 data 46.46 from 127 data totally of the Indonesian cultural term into English included to the category. Some of the less
accurate data will be discussed futher below: Example 1 datum no. 002
SL : Karaton Kasunanan Karaton Solo Hadiningrat dibangun tahun 1745
oleh Raja Paku Buwono II. datum no.002, p. 2 TL
: Kasunanan Palace Karaton Solo Hadiningrat was built in 1745 by King Paku Buwono the 2
nd
. The average score of the translation above is 3.33. Among the three raters
give the different score of the translation. Actually, R1 gives score 4. However, R2 and R3 give the score 3 and 2. This different point of view can be seen from the
sequence of the king enthroned. In this case, R3 suggests that the translation of
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“Raja Paku Buwono II” should be ” King Paku Buwono II” , not “the 2
nd”
. According to the researcher, the word ”the 2
nd”
is proper to said orally, not in written way. The English translation of “King Paku Buwono II” should be
accurate if it is applied. Example 2 datum no. 004:
SL : Di dalam Karaton terdapat galeri seni dan musium dengan pusaka-pusaka
kerajaan, terdapat tempat kereta dan kusirnya, senjata kuno dan keris, serta benda- benda antik lainnya. p. 2
TL : Inside the palace, there is an exotic art gallery and museum with exciting
heirlooms of the kingdom, a room of a cart and its coachman, ancient weapons, and keris wavy double bladder dagger Javanese traditional weapons, also
antique matters. The average score of the translation is 3.67. In this case, R1 and R3 give
the score 4. However, R2 gives the score 3. According to R2, there is an error in the translation. He suggests translating “Keris” into “Keris wavy double bladder
dagger Javanese traditional weapons”. The researcher analyzes that this consideration is right, for the translator make an error in translation by using the
term “bladder” that is related to the anatomy of the body. In fact, the proper wordterm to use is “blade”. Therefore, the translator should pay attention for this
case because it can affect the fatal translation. The researcher proposes the other English translation of the term above to be “Keris a kind of Javanese traditional
weapons which is like wavy double bladed dagger.”
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c. Inaccurate Translation This category includes the data with the average score 1.1 - 2.0. Based on
the analysis, the inaccurate data covers 27 data 21.26 based on the three raters’ consideration. The example of them will be discussed as follows:
Example: SL
: Kerupuk datum no. 060 yang terbuat dari nasi yang dibumbui bleng dan keudian dikeringkan dan digoreng. p. 4
TL : A kind of cracker that made from rice seasoned with natural brine, thin
sliced, dried and fried. In this case, the translation score above is 2.67. Both R2 and R3 give the
score 2. Meanwhile, R1 gives score 4 accurate. R2 and R3 consider this translation to be inaccurate because the meaning is confusing and the message of
the SL is not accurately conveyed to the TL. The translator does not state clear information in the translation above. Furthermore, the translator also employs the
word ”cracker”. The researcher does not agree with that term. It is highly recommended to employ the word “snack”. Cracker is a thin, crispy and usually
salty or savory biscuit http:en.wiktionary.orgwikicrackerdry. Whereas, snack is a type of food not meant to be eaten as a main meal of the day-breakfast, lunch
or dinner- but rather to assuage a person’s hunger between these meals, providing a brief supply of energy for the body http:en.wikipedia.orgwikisnack. It is
clear that cracker is a kind of biscuit. Therefore, the researcher proposes a translation of “kerupuk” to be “a kind of snack usually made from spicy flour
which is dried and fried” as a clearer information.
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Example 2 datum no. 071,p.44: SL
: Pecel TL
: Pecel The term above is in the context of being a title of the text. The Indonesian
cultural term “pecel” as a title in ST is borrowed directly in its English title as “pecel” too. The average score of the translation above is 1.67. Both R2 and R3
give score 1, but R1 gives the score 3. R2 and R3 consider that the meaning of the SL term is not transferred by the translator into TL. Therefore, it is inaccurate
according to them. In addition, the researcher finds that the translator only borrows the original term from SL into TL. It may cause confusion to the raters
for there is no clear information about the translation above. The researcher considers that it is fatal to only borrow the term from SL into TL without
translating the term with clear and accurate translation. The researcher suggests the translation of “Pecel” should be “a kind of traditional food that consists of
boiled vegetables like spinach and sprout with the sauce made from dried spicy peanut gravy”, as the clearer explanation in English of the term “pecel” as a title
in Indonesian text.
d. Very Inaccurate
This category includes the data with the score 1.0. There is no datum in this research that is considered to be very inaccurate by the three raters.
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Table 6 The Classification Of Translation Accuracy
No. Categories
Data Number Total
Percentag e
1 Accurate
009,010,011,013,014,016,017,019,021, 023,026,027,028,031,033,035,037,039,
042,043,044,045,048,050,053,054,056, 057,058,088,093,095,096,103,104,108,
109,110,115,123,125 41
32.28
2 Less
Accurate 001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,012,
015,018,020,022,024,025,029,030,032, 034,036,038,040,041,046,047,049,051,
052,061,066,067,068,070,073,076,077, 078,079,081,082,083,084,086,087,090,
091,092,094,098,100,101,105,106,118, 119,120,122,124,126
59 46.46
3 Inaccurate
055,059,060,062,063,064,065,069,071, 072,074,075,080,085,089,097,099,102,
107,111,112,113,114,116,117,121,127 27
21.26 4
Very Inaccurate
-
4 Total
127 127
100.00
3. The Analysis of Translation Acceptability The acceptability level is also analyzed based on the score given by three
raters the foreigners. After having the score from the raters, the researcher makes a calculation and finds the mean average of the score. The researcher also counts
the mean of the acceptability score gained. The average point is to classify the data into categories as follows:
a. Category A is acceptable translation with the average point of the data ranging from 2.4 - 3.0.
b. Category B is less acceptable translation with the average point of the data ranging from 1.7 – 2.3.
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c. Category C is unacceptable translation with the average point of the data ranging from 1.0 – 1.6.
Table 7 Acceptability Scale of Translation of Cultural Terms
Point Definition
Criteria Score
3 Acceptable
The translation of cultural terms in form of words and phrases has natural
form of the target text, sounds natural, and almost does not seem like
translation. 2.4 - 3.0
2 Less
acceptable The translation of cultural terms in
form of words and phrases is closely natural, but there are some uncommon
words or phrases in the translation of cultural terms that still exist.
1.7 – 2.3
1 Unaccepta
ble The translation of cultural terms in
form of words and phrases is translated literally from the source language that
is Indonesian sounds so unnatural. There are also the uses of unfamiliar
cultural terms in the English translation. 1.0 – 1.6
a. Acceptable Translation This category covers the data with the average score ranging from 2.4 -3.0.
There are 68 data 53.55 of 127 data totally that are considered to be acceptable translation. In this case, the three raters considered that most of the data in this
research are acceptable. Below are the two examples of this category: Example 1 datum no. 009:
SL : Sebagian besar dari zaman Majapahit 1293-1476 dan Mataram 1586-1755 masa kekaisaran, tarian topeng klasik, wayang orang, pakaian, wayang kulit dan
wayang kayu, patung-patung keagamaan, perhiasan, dan benda-benda antik serta pusaka-pusaka lainnya.
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TL : Most of them were from Majapahit era 1293-1478 and Mataram era 1586- 1755 at the time of the empire, classical mask dance, human wayang drama,
dresses, leather puppet and wooden puppet, religious statues, jewelry, and antique matters, also other valuable heirlooms. p.3
From the example above, among the three raters give score 3, the highest score. They consider that the translation is acceptable based on their
understanding. They can understand clearly about the meaning of the term for there is the equivalent of the Indonesian cultural term “Wayang Kulit” to its
English translation that is “Leather Puppet”. Therefore, the translator becomes success to produce acceptable translation in this case, for the translator
successfully finds the proper equivalent of the term above from SL to TL. Example 2 datum no. 040, p.21
SL : Dalam perkembangannya, seni batik yang ada di Kampung Kauman
dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga bentuk batik, yaitu batik klasik motif pakem batik tulis, batik murni cap, dan model kombinasi antara tulis dan cap.
TL : In its development, the Batik from Kauman village can be differentiated
into three forms: original motives of classic batik, handmade batik, pure printing batik, and the combination model of handmade and printing mode.
The average score of the translation is 2,67. Although the translation does not reach the highest score 3, but it is considered to be acceptable. In this case,
both R2 and R3 consider to give score 3. In contrast, R1 thinks that the score should be 2 for he gives that score to the translation. Actually, only R1 giving the
suggestion to the translation, that is the term “Batik Murni Cap” should be translated into “Purely Printing Batik”. The researcher also consider that the
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translation should employ “adverb”, to be “Purely Printing Batik” rather than “Pure Printing Batik” for the word “Pure” is an adjective. By applying the last
translation “Purely Printing Batik”, the researcher considers that it will be more acceptable.
b. Less Acceptable Translation This category includes the data with average score ranging from 1.7-2.3.
There are 37 data 29.13 of this research are considered as less acceptable translation. Some of them will be discussed further as follows:
Example 1 datum no. 008: SL : Sebagian besar dari zaman Majapahit 1293-1476 dan Mataram 1586-1755
masa kekaisaran, tarian topeng klasik, wayang orang, pakaian, wayang kulit dan wayang kayu, patung-patung keagamaan, perhiasan, dan benda-benda antik serta
pusaka-pusaka lainnya. TL : Most of them were from Majapahit era 1293-1478 and Mataram era 1586-
1755 at the time of the empire, classical mask dance, human wayang drama, dresses, leather puppet and wooden puppet, religious statues, jewelry, and antique
matters, also other valuable heirlooms. p.3 The average score of the example above is 2.33. Both R1 and R3 give
score 2. Meanwhile, R2 gives score 3. The translation is considered to be less acceptable for there is the term “Wayang” that is not translated. Therefore, it is
still “strange” translation. In this case, R1 suggests the English translation of the term should be ”Human Puppet”. The researcher also considered that it is less
acceptable to translate the term above into “Human Wayang” drama. Maybe, the researcher proposes the English translation to be “Human Puppet a Javanese
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traditional plays”. The researcher considered that the translation may become more acceptable.
Example 2 datum no. 064, p. 42: SL
: Selat Solo TL
: Salad ala Solo From the example above, the cultural term “selat solo” is in the level of
being a title of one of the text in the bilingual tourism booklet. The average score of the translation above is 2.00. Among the three raters give score 2 to the
translation. They consider the translation above to be less accurate. R1 suggests the English translation of the term “Selat Solo” to be “ Solo Salad”. The
researcher herself thinks that it is no problem to translate “Selat Solo” into “Salad ala Solo” for it is acceptable enough. However, the researcher proposes the other
new translation of the term “Selat Solo” into “Special salad from Solo”. The aim of that translation proposed by the researcher is to emphasize that Solo has
different salad from what the target readers foreigners know in their country. c. Unacceptable Translation
This category covers the data with the average score 1.0-1.6. There are 22 data 17. 32 of this research are considered to be unacceptable translation. The
examples of this category will be discussed below: Example 1 datum no. 005:
SL: Pura Mangkunegaran datum no. 005 menyimpan koleksi yang tak ternilai harganya. p. 3
TL: Pura Mangkunegaran has invaluable collections. The average score of the data above is 1.67, for there are two raters
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R1and R3 who give score 2. Meanwhile, R2 gives score 1. The researcher analyzes this translation to be in accurate for the Indonesian cultural term “Pura
Mangkunegaran” is also translate the same into English as “Pura Mangkunegaran”. It is unacceptable translation, since the target readers will not
know about what Pura Mangkunegaran is. The translator does not given any information about it. For that case, the researcher proposes the other version of the
translation of the term ” Pura Mangkunegaran” into “Pura Mangkunegaran one of the georgeous palace in Solo city”.
Example 2 datum no. 099: SL
: Serabi mudah ditemukan di sepanjang Kota Solo, siang maupun malam hari. p. 49
TL : You can easily find and buy serabi in Solo, day time or night time.
The average score of the translation above is 1.33 for both R2 and R3 give score 1 and R1 gives score 2. Among them state that the translation is not clear in
term of message delivered. In this case, the translator only applies the loan word from the SL into TL. In fact, the translator can translate it into good translation
with clear information. For that case, the researcher proposes that the term “Serabi” should be translated into “Serabi kind of traditional pancake from Solo
made from rice flour, coconut milk, and sugar”. It is more acceptable to translate in such a simple way.
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Table 8 Acceptability Score of Translation of the Cultural Terms
No. Data
Rater I Rater II
Rater III Mean
George Douglas
Shane
1 2
3 3
2.67
2 3
2 2
2.33
3 3
2 2
2.33
4 3
2 3
2.67
5 2
1 2
1.67
6 2
3 3
2.67
7 3
2 2
2.33
8 2
3 2
2.33
9 3
3 3
3.00
10 3
3 3
3.00
11 3
3 3
3.00
12 2
3 3
2.67
13 3
3 3
3.00
14 3
3 3
3.00
15 2
2 2
2.00
16 3
3 3
3.00
17 3
3 3
3.00
18 2
3 2
2.33
19 2
3 3
2.67
20 3
2 2
2.33
21 3
2 3
2.67
22 2
1 1
1.33
23 3
2 3
2.67
24 2
3 2
2.33
25 3
3 3
3.00
26 3
3 3
3.00
27 3
3 3
3.00
28 3
3 3
3.00
29 2
3 2
2.33
30 3
2 2
2.33
31 3
3 3
3.00
32 2
2 3
2.33
33 3
3 3
3.00
34 2
3 3
2.67
35 3
3 3
3.00
36 2
3 3
2.67
37 3
2 3
2.67
38 2
3 3
2.67
39 3
3 3
3.00
40 2
3 3
2.67
41 3
2 2
2.33
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42 3
3 3
3.00
43 3
3 3
3.00
44 3
3 3
3.00
45 3
3 3
3.00
46 3
3 2
2.67
47 3
2 2
2.33
48 3
3 3
3.00
49 3
3 3
3.00
50 3
2 2
2.33
51 3
3 2
2.67
52 3
2 2
2.33
53 3
3 3
3.00
54 3
3 3
3.00
55 2
1 1
1.33
56 3
3 3
3.00
57 3
3 3
3.00
58 3
3 3
3.00
59 2
1 1
1.33
60 3
2 2
2.33
61 3
2 2
2.33
62 2
1 1
1.33
63 2
1 1
1.33
64 2
2 2
2.00
65 3
1 1
1.67
66 3
2 2
2.33
67 3
2 2
2.33
68 3
3 2
2.67
69 2
1 1
1.33
70 3
3 2
2.67
71 2
1 1
1.33
72 2
1 1
1.33
73 3
2 1
2.00
74 2
1 1
1.33
75 3
2 2
2.33
76 3
3 2
2.67
77 3
3 2
2.67
78 3
3 2
2.67
79 2
3 2
2.33
80 3
1 1
1.67
81 3
2 2
2.33
82 3
2 2
2.33
83 3
2 3
2.67
84 3
2 2
2.33
85 2
2 2
2.00
86 3
2 2
2.33
87 3
2 3
2.67
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88 3
3 3
3.00
89 2
1 1
1.33
90 3
3 3
3.00
91 3
2 2
2.33
92 2
2 2
2.00
93 3
3 3
3.00
94 3
2 3
2.67
95 3
3 3
3.00
96 3
3 3
3.00
97 2
1 1
1.33
98 2
2 2
2.00
99 2
1 1
1.33
100 2
3 3
2.67
101 2
2 2
2.00
102 2
2 1
1.67
103 3
3 3
3.00
104 3
3 3
3.00
105 3
3 3
3.00
106 2
3 3
2.67
107 2
1 1
1.33
108 3
3 3
3.00
109 3
3 3
3.00
110 2
3 3
2.67
111 2
1 1
1.33
112 2
1 1
1.33
113 2
2 2
2.00
114 2
1 1
1.33
115 3
3 3
3.00
116 2
2 2
2.00
117 2
2 2
2.00
118 2
2 2
2.00
119 2
3 3
2.67
120 2
3 3
2.67
121 2
1 1
1.33
122 3
2 3
2.67
123 3
3 3
3.00
124 2
3 2
2.33
125 3
3 3
3.00
126 2
3 3
2.67
127 3
1 1
1.67
TOTAL
331 299
294 308
Average
2.6 2.35
2.31 2.42
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Table 9 The Classification of Translation Acceptability
No. Categories
Data Number Total Percentage
1 Acceptable
001,004,006,009,010,011,012,013,014, 016,017,019,021,023,025,026,027,028,
031,033,034,035,036,037,038,039,040, 042,043,044,045,046,048,049,051,053,
054,056,057,058,068,070,076,077,078, 083,087,088,090,093,094,095,096,100,
103,104,105,106,108,109,110,115,119, 120,122,123,125,126
68 53.55
2 Less
Acceptable 002,003,007,008,015,018,020,024,029,
030,032,041,047,050,052,060,061,064, 066,067,073,075,079,081,082,084,085,
086,091,092,098,101,113,116,117,118, 124
37 29.13
3 Unacceptab
le 005,022,055,059,062,063,065,069,071,
072,074,080,089,097,099,102,107,111, 112,114,121,125 ,127
22 17.32
4 Total
127 127
100.00
C. Discussion