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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Definition of Translation
There are many definitions of translation proposed by many translation experts. According to Brislin 1976:1, translation is the general term that reffers to
the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language source to another target whether the languages are in written or oral form. Catford 1965:20 emphasizes the
use of technical terms in translation which are called as source language SL and target language TL where the textual material of the source language text is
replaced by the equivalent textual material in target language text. Furthermore, Nida and Taber define that translating consists of reproducing in
the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style 1969:11. Similarly, Bell
1991 states that translation is a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in second language. The idea above is supported
by Nida and Taber statement 1974 that the best translation does not sound like a translation.
According to Bell 1991:13, the word ‘translation’ has three distinguishable meanings:
1. Translating: the process to translate; the activity rather than the tangible object. 2. A translation: the product of the process of translating i.e. the translated text.
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3. Translation: the abstract concept which encompasses both the process of translating and the product of that process.
Therefore, the term ‘translation’ means both the process and the product. In addition, Larson defines that translation is transferring the meaning of the
source language text into the target language text 1998:3. In translating, Larson really concerns that the meaning of the source language should be transferred into
the target language text. It is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of the second language by way of semantic structure. Then, translation consists
of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the SL text.
Simply speaking, translation is a process of transferring the message from one language source language SL to another language target language TL done by a
translator. The message should be transferred from SL to TL well, so the target readers can easily understand the message, which is in context to be the same as when
the original readers understand the SL text.
B. Principles of Translation
Kategori