competence as the ability to create a stretch of language consisting of several sentences which are perceived as being related in some way.
2.2.2 Discourse Analysis
A discourse and especially a text, is a sequence of connected sentences or utterances by which a sender communicates a message to a receiver Rankema 1993:33. While
Cook 1989:6 stated that discourse is a kind of language, which has been used to communicate something and is felt to be coherent, and it may or may not happens to
correspond to a correct sentence or a series of correct sentences. In fact, the conformity to rules is not really a matter. The matter is the fact that it communicates and recognized
by its receivers as coherent. It can be concluded that in making a text or discourse people may not use correct grammatical sentence. It leads us that there is a subjectivity
in identifying a stretch of language as a discourse. Discourse analysis is the study of language in use. Discourse analysis is
concerned with the study of the relationship between language and the context in which it is used McCarthy 1991:5. In other words, a discourse is dependent on its use in
appropriate context. Context refers to the situation giving rise to the discourse, and within which the discourse is embedded Nunan 1993:7-8. The context in which the
language is used can influence the interpretation of a discourse. The context supports the interpretation of the discourse to be meaningful and understandable for its receivers.
In addition, inappropriateness the context of discourse may cause misinterpretation of the discourse itself.
Discourse analysis studies language in use in both spoken and written forms. Discourse analysis observes language of all kinds of use, either spoken or written from
conversation to highly organized forms of talk. Thus any written and printed words: newspaper articles, letters, stories, recipes, instructions, notices, comics and so on are
considered as forms of discourse McCarthy 1991:12. From the definition above, discourse analysis is the study of language in
communication whether spoken or written which examines how the connection among elements in the discourse are built in the discourse. In discourse analysis, the context
in which the discourse operates is also important because it influences the interpretation of the discourse.
2.2.3 Features of Spoken and Written Language
