Healthier here means more healthy than this year which is stated before. It is cohesive one since it is anaphoric type which brings about cohesion in the text.
I 21 1
so, I think
ββ ‘β I need to learn more how to have a natural make up
28 I can manage my money
29 and I can get more money from that
The word more here indicates a comparison. The word more in clause 22
refers to ‘learn more’ which explained in the previous clauses. And the expression
more
in the clause β9 refers to the ‘more money’ which has comparison relationship with the previous clauses.
4.3.2 Substitution
Substitution is the replacement of an item by another. It is a relation in the wording rather than in meaning which is divided into three types: nominal, verbal, and clausal.
4.3.2.1 Nominal Substitution
In nominal substitution, the items that occur as substitutes are one, ones, and same. The substitute
‘oneones’ always function as head of nominal groups. However, I only
found one which is used as nominal substitution in the speeches. The following is the
excerpts: D 29
The first one is start small
37 The second one is write it down ladies and gentlemen
E 13 The second one is I will make myself
I 19 This is the one
The examples above show that the nominal substitution item one are used as
Head which are the first three clauses are used as Hear of the subject and the last is
used as the object. All of the word one speech D su
bstitute ‘tips’ and in speech E and I substitute ‘new year resolution’ and ‘the picture’.
4.3.2.2 Verbal Substitution
The verbal substitute in English is do, with the usual morphological scatter do, did, done, doing. Like the nominal substitution one, the verbal substitute do also replace the
lexical thing which always function as a Head. In substitution, there must be something that replaced or substituted in the next clause as a repetition of the word or clause
before. There are some verbal substitution found in the speeches, below are the example:
D 20 You don’t have to act “snap” stop smoking in short time.
21
you can’t do that
49 The sixth one is believing yourself.
50
You can’t do it
51 without believing yourself
The word do in the example above substitute part of the clause in the previous clauses. We can see in D clause 21 above. The bold item do refers to the preceding
clause which is ‘act “snap” stop smoking in short time’ in complete clause should have
been ‘You can’t act “snap” stop smoking in the short time’. While the word do in the
clause 51 speech D, ref ers back to the previous clause which is ‘keep your resolution
on track’. Completely the clause should have been ‘you can’t keep your resolution on track without believing yourself’.
4.3.2.3 Clausal Substitution
