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Chapter 5 VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTIVE
CAPACITY MAPPING
5.1 Methodology for Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity
Mapping
For defining capacity and vulnerability indices, we used 2005 socio-economic survey data by ‘kelurahan’ villages from National Bureau of Statistics BPS while for
some of biophysical data were obtained from related sector or generated based on satellite interpretation with GIS techniques Table 5.1. All the data were weighted
according to their relative importance in shaping vulnerability V and capacity C to adapt.
Table 5.1:..Indicators used for defining Vulnerability and Capacity and the corresponding weights
A Capacity
Weights B Vulnerability
Weights
A1 Electricity Facility
0.05 B1 Number
of household
living in River Bank 0.05
A2 Working People based on
Education Background 0.30 B2
Number of Building in River Bank
0.05 A21
Nursery –Junior High School
0.30 B3
Drinking Water 0.20
A24 Senior High
SchoolUniv. 0.70
B31 Good
0.10 A3
Main Source of Income 0.30
B32 Medium
0.20 A4
Health facility 0.10
B33 Bad
0.30 A41
Puskesmas 0.20
B34 No-service
0.40 A42
Polyclinic 0.30
B4 Population density
0.10 A43
Posyandu 0.20
B5 Poverty
0.20 A44
Midwifes Clinic 0.10
B6 Fraction of Coastal
0.10 A45
Med. Doctor Clinic 0.20
B7 Fraction of River
0.10 A5
Road Infrastructure 0.25 B8
Non-Green Open
Area 0.20
Note: In term of facility, Polyclinic is better than Puskesmas as it is managed and operated by Private company, but the cost of health services is much higher than the government’s one Puskesmas.
Data obtained from the Semarang Drinking Water State Company PDAM Office and divide by population. Data were generated from Satellite and topographic map.
To measure relative position of Kelurahan in term of their vulnerability and capacity to adapt, we develop capacity CI and vulnerability indices VI. The Capacity
Index CI is developed using five main indicators A1, …, A5. Indicator A1 is percentage of household in the village that uses electricity facility which represents
the level of wealth of communities of the villages. Indicator A2 is education which may represent the capacity of community in the villages in managing the risk. The
higher the education is the better their capacity in managing the risk is. This indicator consists of two sub-indicators namely number of working people with
education background of Nursery up to junior high schools and that with Senior High
69 School up University. All the values of the sub-indicators were normalized by
population of each Kelurahan. In order to get values of the indicators ranges from 0 to 1, all the values in this indicator were divided by its maximum value.
Indicator A3 is main income source of community in the village. For villages where main source of income of the community is strongly influenced by climate variability
will have low capacity score. The values of the indicator by main source of incomes are presented in Table 5.2. In this case for example, village in which agriculture is
the main source of income of the community, the value of the indicator is 0.25.
Table 5.2:..Indicator value according to types of main income source of community in the village
No Main source of income
Score Indicator value 1
Agriculture 0.25
2 Mining and processing industries
0.50 3
Trading, transportation
and communication
business etc 0.75
4 Services
1.00
Indicator A4 is health facility which represents access of community to health facilities. The better the health facility in the Kelurahan is the higher the capacity of
the Kelurahan is. This indicator is further divided into 5 sub-indicators namely number of Polyclinic Pl, Child Community Services Posyandu, Ps, Health
Community Services Puskesmas, Pk, Midwifes Clinic B and Doctor Clinics D. All the values of the sub-indicators were normalized by population size of the
corresponding Kelurahan. The scoring value of I
A4
in each Kelurahan was calculated using the following formula:
I
A4i
= 1P
i
0.3Pl
i
+0.2Ps
i
+0.2P
ki
+0.1B
i
+ 0.2D
i
Since the scoring value of this indicator is very small, all the values were divided with the highest score in order to get scoring values of the indicator ranging from 0
to 1.
Indicator 5 is dominant type of road infrastructure. For this data we define village where the dominant road infrastructure is made from aspalt will have value 1 while
for those with non-aspalt will have value 0. The formula to calculate the CI is the following:
ij ij
j i
A w
CI
5 1
∑
=
= Where subscript-i
th
represents village-i
th
and w
ij
is weight value for indicator A-j
th
of village-i
th
. The selection of the weight values was subjective, based on understanding and knowledge of experts on relative important of the indicators in